| 1. |
- Commins, Scott P, et al.
(författare)
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Galactose-α-1,3-galactose-specific IgE is associated with anaphylaxis but not asthma.
- 2012
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Ingår i: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. - 1535-4970 .- 1073-449X. ; 185:7, s. 723-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) are common in the southeastern United States. These antibodies, which are induced by ectoparasitic ticks, can give rise to positive skin tests or serum assays with cat extract.
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| 2. |
- Commins, Scott P., et al.
(författare)
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The relevance of tick bites to the production of IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 127:5, s. 1286-1293.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In 2009, we reported a novel form of delayed anaphylaxis to red meat that is related to serum IgE antibodies to the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). Most of these patients had tolerated meat for many years previously. The implication is that some exposure in adult life had stimulated the production of these IgE antibodies. Objectives: We sought to investigate possible causes of this IgE antibody response, focusing on evidence related to tick bites, which are common in the region where these reactions occur.Methods: Serum assays were carried out with biotinylated proteins and extracts bound to a streptavidin ImmunoCAP.Results: Prospective studies on IgE antibodies in 3 subjects after tick bites showed an increase in levels of IgE to alpha-gal of 20fold or greater. Other evidence included (1) a strong correlation between histories of tick bites and levels of IgE to alpha-gal (chi(2) = 26.8, P < .001), (2) evidence that these IgE antibodies are common in areas where the tick Amblyomma americanum is common, and (3) a significant correlation between IgE antibodies to alpha-gal and IgE antibodies to proteins derived from A americanum (r(s) = 0.75, P < .001).Conclusion: The results presented here provide evidence that tick bites are a cause, possibly the only cause, of IgE specific for alpha-gal in this area of the United States. Both the number of subjects becoming sensitized and the titer of IgE antibodies to alpha-gal are striking. Here we report the first example of a response to an ectoparasite giving rise to an important form of food allergy.
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| 3. |
- Schuyler, Alexander J, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Binding Assay for Measuring Specific IgG Antibodies to Alpha-Gal Using the Neoglycoprotein Gal-alpha-1,3-Gal-beta-1,4-Glcnac-Human Serum Albumin
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 135:2, s. AB188-AB188
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tick bites are known to induce IgE production to alpha-gal. Elevated alpha-gal IgG1 compared to natural alpha-gal IgG2 production has been reported in alpha-gal IgE+ subjects. We here report further investigation of the relationship between alpha-gal IgG and both reactions to red meat and exposure to ticks. Methods: IgG from serum was absorbed onto recombinant Protein G-Sepharose and incubated with radiolabeled allergen. The radioactivity of bound allergen was measured using a gamma counter. A control curve was generated in parallel to assign unitage. Additional testing of serum immunoglobulins was performed via ImmunoCAP and nephelometry. Results: Alpha-gal IgG was measured in a Northern Sweden cohort and in subjects presenting to allergy clinics in Virginia with delayed reactions to red meat. Alpha-gal IgG was significantly higher in alpha-gal IgE+ subjects versus alpha-gal IgE- subjects, and longitudinal serology in several alpha-gal IgE+ subjects demonstrates parallel alpha-gal IgE and IgG response trends. Among the alpha-gal IgE+ subjects, alpha-gal IgG was higher in those with alpha-gal IgE:total IgE ratios >25%, but was not related to reported severity to red meat. Compared to the alpha-gal IgE- subjects in Virginia, alpha-gal IgG was lower in the group from Northern Sweden, where alpha-gal IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is absent and ticks are rare. Conclusions: Alpha-gal IgG is strongly related to alpha-gal IgE and is significantly lower in prevalence and titer in subjects without tick exposure. The absence of a relationship between alpha-gal IgG and severity of reactions to red meat suggests that the alpha-gal syndrome may not be a suitable candidate for conventional immunotherapy.
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| 4. |
- Wilson, Jeffrey M., et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic relationship between two regional causes of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis : alpha-Gal syndrome and imported fire ant
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 147:2, s. 643-652.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A syndrome of mammalian meat allergy relating to IgE specific for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-Gal) was first reported 10 years ago in the southeastern United States and has been related to bites of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum).Objective: Here we investigated the epidemiology of the "alpha-Gal syndrome'' in the United States and sought additional evidence for the connection to tick bites.Methods: A survey of allergists was conducted by using a snowball approach. A second tier of the survey included questions about anaphylaxis to imported fire ants (IFAs). History of tick bites and tick-related febrile illness were assessed as part of a case-control study in Virginia. Antibody assays were conducted on sera from subjects reporting allergic reactions to mammalian meat or IFA.Results: In North America the alpha-Gal syndrome is recognized across the Southeast, Midwest, and Atlantic Coast, with many providers in this area managing more than 100 patients each. The distribution of cases generally conformed to the reported range of A americanum, although within this range there was an inverse relationship between alpha-Gal cases and cases of IFA anaphylaxis that were closely related to the territory of IFA. The connection between tick bites and alpha-Gal sensitization was further supported by patients' responses to a questionnaire and the results of serologic tests.Conclusions: The alpha-Gal syndrome is commonly acquired in adulthood as a consequence of tick bites and has a regional distribution that largely conforms to the territory of the lone star tick. The epidemiology of the syndrome is expected to be dynamic and shifting north because of climate change and ecologic competition from IFA.
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