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- Bolin, Karin, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Variants in BANK1 are associated with lupus nephritis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a cause of significant morbidity in SLE. While the genetic background to SLE has been well characterized, less is known about genes predisposing to LN.Methods: The study consisted of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n=1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n=962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Norway/Denmark, n=833) on a custom array chip. Allele frequencies were compared between patients with LN, proliferative nephritis, end-stage renal disease and LN negative patients. SNPs with p-value <0.001 in the discovery cohort were analyzed in replication cohort 1. Ten SNPs associated with LN in the discovery cohort (p<0.0002) were genotyped in replication cohort 2. DNA methylation data were available for 180 LN patients from the discovery cohort.Results: In the discovery cohort, six gene loci were associated with LN (p<1x10-4, NFKBIA, CACNA1S, ITGA1, BANK1, OR2Y and PHCA). SNPs in BANK1 showed the strongest association with LN in replication cohort 1 (p=9.5x10-4), with a tendency for an association in replication cohort 2 (p=0.052). In a meta-analysis of all three cohorts the association between LN and BANK1 rs4699259, was strengthened (p=1.7x10‑7). There were no associations to proliferative nephritis or ESRD in the meta-analysis. Methylation quantitative trait loci (MeQTL) effects between a CpG site and several SNPs in BANK1 were identified.Conclusion: Genetic variations in BANK1 are associated with LN. There is evidence for genetic regulation of DNA methylation within the BANK1 locus, however, the exact role of BANK1 in LN pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.
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- Hagberg, Niklas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies to the CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C receptors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the occurrence and function of autoantibodies (autoabs) targeting the CD94/NKG2A, CD94/NKG2C or NKG2D receptors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Method: Murine Ba/F3 cells transfected with CD94/NKG2A, CD94/NKG2C or NKG2D, and untransfected cells were incubated with sera from 203 patients with SLE and 90 healthy individuals. Binding of immunoglobulin (Ig) to the cells was determined by flow cytometry. Autoabs were characterized with regard to isotype, subclass, λ/κ exclusion and interference with HLA-E-binding. IgG were evaluated for effect on NK cell degranulation in response to HLA-E-transfected K562 target cells, as well as their capacity to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The frequency and phenotype of NK cells from these patients were determined by flow cytometry and the exons encoding NKG2A (KLRC1), NKG2C (KLRC2) and CD94 (KLRD1) were sequenced. The titers of anti-CD94/NKG2A and -CD94/NKG2C autoabs were determined in longitudinally sampled sera and correlated to disease activity (SLEDAI score) and severity (SLICC/ACR damage index).Results: Seven patients with autoabs targeting the CD94/NKG2A receptor were identified. Two of these patients’ autoabs also recognized the CD94/NKG2C receptor. IgG from six of the patients interfered with the binding of HLA-E to CD94/NKG2A, whereas IgG from one patient increased this binding. Of the two patients with anti-CD94/NKG2C autoabs, IgG from one patient blocked, and IgG from the other patient stabilized the binding of HLA-E to CD94/NKG2C. Anti-CD94/NKG2A autoabs abrogated the HLA-E-mediated inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity by CD94/NKG2A+ NK cells, whereas anti-CD94/NKG2C autoabs interfered with the HLA-E-mediated increased cytotoxicity of CD94/NKG2C+ NK cells. Furthermore, these autoabs induced ADCC of CD94/NKG2A- and CD94/NKG2C-expressing target cells. No uncommon non-synonymous sequence variations were found in the genes encoding NKG2A, NKG2C or CD94. The titers of anti-CD94/NKG2A and -CD94/NKG2C autoabs were associated to the SLEDAI score.Conclusions: Autoabs targeting the CD94/NKG2A or the CD94/NKG2C receptor are found in a subset of patients with SLE. These autoabs affects the cytotoxicity of NK cells, mediate ADCC in vitro and their titers are associated to the disease activity and a more severe SLE phenotype. Consequently, anti-CD94/NKG2A and anti-CD94/NKG2C autoabs may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE and our findings highlight the possible importance of NK cells in the SLE disease process.
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