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- Hussien, Abdelazim, et al.
(author)
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Recent Advances in Harris Hawks Optimization : A Comparative Study and Applications
- 2022
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In: Electronics. - : MDPI. - 2079-9292. ; 11:12
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Harris hawk optimizer is a recent population-based metaheuristics algorithm that simulates the hunting behavior of hawks. This swarm-based optimizer performs the optimization procedure using a novel way of exploration and exploitation and the multiphases of search. In this review research, we focused on the applications and developments of the recent well-established robust optimizer Harris hawk optimizer (HHO) as one of the most popular swarm-based techniques of 2020. Moreover, several experiments were carried out to prove the powerfulness and effectivness of HHO compared with nine other state-of-art algorithms using Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2005) and CEC2017. The literature review paper includes deep insight about possible future directions and possible ideas worth investigations regarding the new variants of the HHO algorithm and its widespread applications.
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- Oxblom, A., et al.
(author)
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Careful patient selection together with optimal implant positioning may reduce but does not eliminate the risk of elevated serum cobalt and chrome levels following metal-on-metal hip resurfacing
- 2023
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In: Hip International. - : SAGE Publications. - 1120-7000 .- 1724-6067. ; 33:5, s. 872-879
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Elevated serum chrome (sCr) and cobalt (sCo) concentrations are associated with local tissue adverse reactions to metal debris following metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MoM-HR). Serum metal ions 5 mu g/l. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective, single-institution cohort study of 410 consecutive patients operated on with a Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) implant between 2001 and 2014. 288 of these had a unilateral MoM-HR, pelvic and true lateral radiographs, and a related sCo and sCr sample, and were included in the final analysis. They were allocated to either a presumed "optimal group" consisting of only men aged <60 years old, with femoral head component >48 mm diameter, and with a cup positioned within Lewinnek's safe zones, or a "suboptimal group" consisting of the remaining patients. Fisher ' s exact test and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: In the optimal group 48% (47/97) had serum metal ions >2 mu g/l and 8% (8/97) >5 mu g/l compared to 61% (116/191) and 18% (34/191) in the suboptimal group, p = 0.059 and p = 0.034 respectively. Acetabular cups with an anteversion <5 degrees had the highest odds ratio, 6.5 (95% CI, 3.0-14.3), of having sCo and sCr concentrations exceeding 5 mu g/l. Conclusions: A well oriented BHR acetabular component in a presumably "optimal" patient reduces the risk of having elevated serum metal ions but does not eliminate it. Insufficient cup anteversion seems to be the strongest associated factor of elevated serum metals.
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- Petzold, Axel, et al.
(author)
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Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis
- 2022
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In: Lancet Neurology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 21:12, s. 1120-1134
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Epidemiological data show that, cumulatively, optic neuritis is most frequently caused by many conditions other than multiple sclerosis. Worldwide, the cause and management of optic neuritis varies with geographical location, treatment availability, and ethnic background. We have developed diagnostic criteria for optic neuritis and a classification of optic neuritis subgroups. Our diagnostic criteria are based on clinical features that permit a diagnosis of possible optic neuritis; further paraclinical tests, utilising brain, orbital, and retinal imaging, together with antibody and other protein biomarker data, can lead to a diagnosis of definite optic neuritis. Paraclinical tests can also be applied retrospectively on stored samples and historical brain or retinal scans, which will be useful for future validation studies. Our criteria have the potential to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, provide information on optic neuritis disease course that can guide future treatment trial design, and enable physicians to judge the likelihood of a need for long-term pharmacological management, which might differ according to optic neuritis subgroups.
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- Ghanem, Raed, et al.
(author)
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Light-driven tyrosine radical formation in a ruthenium-tyrosine complex attached to nanoparticle TiO2
- 2002
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In: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 41:24, s. 6258-6266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We demonstrate a possibility of multistep electron transfer in a supramolecular complex adsorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline TiO2. The complex mimics the function of the tyrosinez and chlorophyll unit P-680 in natural photosystem II (PSII). A ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) complex covalently linked to a L-tyrosine ethyl ester through an amide bond was attached to the surface of nanocrystalline TiO2 via carboxylic acid groups linked to the bpy ligands. Synthesis and characterization of this complex are described. Excitation (450 nm) of the complex promotes an electron to a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state, from which the electron is injected into TiO2. The photogeneration of Ru(III) is followed by an intramolecular electron transfer from tyrosine to Ru(III), regenerating the photosensitizer Ru(II) and forming the tyrosyl radical. The tyrosyl radical is formed in less than 5 us with a yield of 15%. This rather low yield is a result of a fast back electron transfer reaction from the nanocrystalline TiO2 to the photogenerated Ru(III).
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