| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(author)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 4. |
- Tao, Hai, et al.
(author)
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Energy and cost management of different mixing ratios and morphologies on mono and hybrid nanofluids in collector technologies
- 2023
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In: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1994-2060 .- 1997-003X. ; 17:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) three-dimensional (3D) model was used to numerically evaluate the energy and economic estimates. A laminar flow with 500 ≤ Re ≤ 1900, an inlet temperature of 293 K, and a solar flux of 1000 W/m2 were assumed the operating conditions. Two mono nanofluids, CuO-DW and Cu-DW, were tested with different shapes (Spherical, Cylindrical, Platelets, and Blades) and different volume fractions. Additionally, hybrid nanocomposites from CuO@Cu/DW with different shapes (Spherical, Cylindrical, Platelets and Blades), different mixing ratios (60% + 40%, 50% + 50% and 40% + 60%) and different volume fractions (1 volume%, 2 volume%, 3 volume% and 4 volume%) were compared with mono nanofluids. At 1 volume% and Re = 1900, CuO-Platelets demonstrated the highest pressure drop (33.312 Pa). CuO-Platelets achieved the higher thermal enhancement with (8.761%) at 1 vol.% and Re = 1900. CuO-Platelets reduced the size of the solar collector by 25.60%. Meanwhile, CuO@Cu-Spherical (40:60) needed a larger collector size with 16.69% at 4 vol.% and Re = 1900. CuO-Platelets with 967.61, CuO – Cylindrical with 976.76, Cu Platelets with 983.84, and Cu-Cylindrical with 992.92 presented the lowest total cost. Meanwhile, the total cost of CuO – Cu – Platelets with 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60 was 994.82, 996.18, and 997.70, respectively.
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| 5. |
- Begum, D. A., et al.
(author)
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Condensate Fractionation Column: Design Variation Study by Simulation
- 2010
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In: Journal of Chemical Engineering. - : Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL). - 2221-7436 .- 2408-8617. ; 25:1, s. 65-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work aims to study the quality of three products of a fractionation column considering different design conditions of the column using natural gas condensate as column feed. The first design was on a single traditional distillation column whereas the consecutive studies were done by modifying the distillation column to yield the same quality of products. This study includes the details quality variation along with the variation of design. The whole simulation study and analysis was done on ASPEN HYSYS.
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| 6. |
- Ahsan, Amimul, et al.
(author)
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Modeling the impacts of best management practices (BMPs) on pollution reduction in the Yarra River catchment, Australia
- 2023
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In: Applied water science. - : Springer. - 2190-5487 .- 2190-5495. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pollution of a watershed by different land uses and agricultural practices is becoming a major challenging factor that results in deterioration of water quality affecting human health and ecosystems. Sustainable use of available water resources warrants reduction of Non-Point Source (NPS) pollutants from receiving water bodies through best management practices (BMPs). A hydrologic model such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can be used for analyzing the impacts of various BMPs and implementing of different management plans for water quality improvement, which will help decision makers to determine the best combination of BMPs to maximize benefits. The objective of this study is to assess the potential reductions of sediments and nutrient loads by utilizing different BMPs on the Yarra River watershed using the SWAT model. The watershed is subdivided into 51 sub-watersheds where seven different BMPs were implemented. A SWAT model was developed and calibrated against a baseline period of 1998–2008. For calibration and validation of the model simulations for both the monthly and annual nutrients and sediments were assessed by using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistical index. The values of the NSE were found more than 0.50 which indicates satisfactory model predictions. By utilizing different BMPs, the highest pollution reduction with minimal costs can be done by 32% targeted mixed-crop area. Furthermore, the combined effect of five BMPs imparts most sediments and nutrient reductions in the watershed. Overall, the selection of a BMP or combinations of BMPs should be set based on the goals set in a BMP application project.
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| 7. |
- Alanbari, Mohammad A., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Potential Environmental Impacts on the Production of Gasoline and Kerosene, Al-Daura Refinery, Baghdad, Iraq
- 2016
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In: Engineering. - USA : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 8:11, s. 767-776
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oil represents the main energy sources used by mankind. In addition, petroleum products serve as feedstock for several consumer goods, thus playing an important growing role in people’s lives. For this reason there are various software applications designed to do the environmental assessment to see their impact on the environment. Among these is SimaPro software package designed to make a valuable contribution. It is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact of products during their whole life cycle. In this study, it was pplied to analyze and evaluate the impacts for Al-Daura refinery for the gasoline and kerosene fuel production. This refinery located in Baghdad, Iraq was analyzed. The results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) show that gasoline has a (single score) of the order of 11.1 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from gasoline fuel compared with 4.83 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from kerosene. Global warming, respiratory inorganics and nonrenewable energy were the most effective environmental impacts.
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| 8. |
- Kalali, Ehsan Naderi, et al.
(author)
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An eco-friendly, highly efficient, and transparent coating derived from guar gum and citric acid for flame retardant treatment of cotton fabrics
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 253:Part 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- V.A highly efficient, bio-ecofriendly, and transparent flame retardant (FR) for cotton fabric was developed and deposited onto the cellulose skeletal structure of cotton fabric through a one-pot sol-gel process. The flame retardant functional coating is composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), guar gum (GG), citric acid (CA), and a negligible amount of catalyst. Cotton fabrics were impregnated with different concentrations of ammonium polyphosphate and guar gum, with citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The overall crosslinking and grafting process was proven by FTIR and XPS. Based on the results, the designed coating exhibits over 90 % transmittance in the visible region. A 15 g/m2 flame-retardant coating induces excellent flame retardant efficiency at ultra-low flame-retardant concentrations of less than 6.25 wt%. Only a 5.25 wt% flame retardant concentration demonstrated condensed phase action, which resulted in 58.5 % and 73.6 % reductions in the pHRR and THR, respectively. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value showed a 74 % increase. The mechanical performance of FR coated cotton fibers was slightly reduced.
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| 9. |
- Omidi, Omid, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of rock fracture toughness modes I and II utilising brittleness indexes
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Mining and Mineral Engineering. - 1754-890X .- 1754-8918. ; 4:2, s. 163-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fracture toughness and brittleness are of the most crucial rock features for underground excavation and drilling in rock mass. Developed standard tests to determine rock fracture toughness are very difficult as well as time consuming; furthermore, they require high-level accuracy during sample preparation and testing. An attempt has been made to propose simple relations to determine fracture toughness modes I and II based on brittleness indexes B 1, B2 and B3 in this paper. The data for regression were gathered from the literature, including modes I and II fracture toughness, uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength. It was obtained that both fracture toughness modes I and II of different rock types give reasonable correlations with brittleness index B1. No correlation was observed between fracture toughness modes and other brittleness indexes
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| 10. |
- Tarek, Iftakher Hasan Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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A Hybrid Hotel Recommendation Using Collaborative, Content Based and Knowledge Based Approach
- 2023. - 1
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In: Intelligent Computing & Optimization. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 1049-1057
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Everybody plans vacations, and the first step in that process is to book a hotel. With the hospitality sector being so competitive, it’s critical to maintain best practices and stay on top of client demands and wants. They want individualized experiences, one-of-a-kind amenities, and a general sense of well-being on all levels. A consumer of a hotel recommendation system frequently encounters challenges in obtaining and fulfilling his or her wishes. Content-based filtering and collaborative filtering are two well-known strategies for creating a recommender system. Content-based filtering does not use human opinions to produce predictions, whereas collaborative filtering does, resulting in more accurate predictions. Collaborative filtering, on the other hand, cannot forecast objects that have never been rated by anyone. Both approaches can be merged with a hybrid methodology to cover the disadvantages of each approach while gaining the benefits of the other. This research employed Item-Item collaborative filtering (CF) and content-based filtering (CB) to calculate hotel similarity in our suggested method. It uses cosine similarity to calculate user similarity. For content-based filtering, natural language processing (NLP) is also employed. Our model employs a knowledge-based approach for Cold-User scenarios. Precision, recall and f1 used to evaluate the recommendation system.
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