| 1. |
- Aktar, Shaki, et al.
(författare)
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Trends and risk of recurrent preterm birth in pregnancy cohorts in rural Bangladesh, 1990-2019
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 8:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: A history of preterm birth reportedly increases the risk of subsequent preterm birth. This association has primarily been studied in high-income countries and not in low-income settings in transition with rapidly descending preterm birth figures. We evaluated the population-based trends of preterm births and recurrent preterm births and the risk of preterm birth recurrence in the second pregnancy based on prospectively studied pregnancy cohorts over three decades in Matlab, Bangladesh.Methods: A population-based cohort included 72 160 live births from 1990 to 2019. We calculated preterm birth and recurrent preterm birth trends. We assessed the odds of preterm birth recurrence based on a subsample of 14 567 women with live-born singletons in their first and second pregnancies. We used logistic regression and presented the associations by OR with a 95% CI.Results: The proportion of preterm births decreased from 25% in 1990 to 13% in 2019. The recurrent preterm births had a similar, falling pattern from 7.4% to 3.1% across the same period, contributing 27% of the total number of preterm births in the population. The odds of second pregnancy preterm birth were doubled (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.96 to 2.43) in women with preterm birth compared with the women with term birth in their first pregnancies, remaining similar over the study period. The lower the gestational age at the first birth, the higher the odds of preterm birth in the subsequent pregnancy (test for trend p<0.001).Conclusion: In this rural Bangladeshi setting, recurrent preterm births contributed a sizeable proportion of the total number of preterm births at the population level. The increased risk of recurrence remained similar across three decades when the total proportion of preterm births was reduced from 25% to 13%.
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| 2. |
- Islam, Mohammad Redwanul, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Rural Adolescents' Dietary Diversity and Its Socioeconomic Correlates : A Cross-Sectional Study from Matlab, Bangladesh
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of 36 million Bangladeshi adolescents live in rural areas. Improved understanding of their dietary patterns is of great public health importance. This study aimed to explore dietary diversity (DD) with its socioeconomic and gender stratification in a rural adolescent cohort and to isolate factors associated with inadequate DD. Household survey provided data for constructing dietary diversity scores (DDS) and assessing relevant socio-demographic variables. Final analysis included 2463 adolescents. Means and proportions were compared, and a binary logistic regression model was fitted. Inadequate DD was observed among 42.3% (40.3-44.2). Consumption of nutrient-rich foods varied significantly across gender and SES categories. Belonging to the poorest households (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.59; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.00) and food insecure households (aOR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.59), adolescents' attainment of secondary education (aOR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.71), and having mothers with secondary education or above (aOR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96) were associated with inadequate DD. Compared with girls from food secure households, girls from food insecure ones had higher odds of inadequate DD (aOR(girl)1.42; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.81). Improving rural adolescents' DD would require targeted interventions as well as broader poverty alleviation.
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| 3. |
- Islam, Mohammad Redwanul, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and socio-economic stratification of ultra-processed and deep-fried food consumption among rural adolescents : A cross-sectional study from Bangladesh
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAlthough consumption of ultra-processed and deep-fried foods among adolescents is a global health concern, little is known about its gender and socio-economic stratification in rural settings of low- and middle-income countries. We, thus, aimed to describe ultra-processed and deep-fried food consumption among rural adolescents by gender and socio-economic factors, and to explore their relative importance in shaping consumption.MethodsThis cross-sectional study drew on data from a household survey in Matlab, a rural sub-district in Bangladesh. The analytic sample comprised 2463 adolescents. We assessed consumption of four ultra-processed food groups: ready-to-eat or “instant” foods; confectionery, sweets and similar packaged products; savory snacks; sugar-sweetened beverage; and of deep-fried foods with a 24-hour, qualitative recall. Asset scores were constructed. Proportion of consumption was calculated and compared by gender and household wealth. Logistic regression models were fitted to isolate socio-demographic variables associated with consumption.ResultsApproximately 83% (81.5–84.4) adolescents consumed at least one ultra-processed or deep-fried item. Confectioneries were the most consumed (53.5%), whereas sugar-sweetened beverage was the least consumed (12%) group. Boys had greater odds of consumption than girls for all food groups. The association was strongest for sugar-sweetened beverage (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.97, 3.37), followed by deep-fried foods (adjusted odds ratio = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.32) and ready-to-eat foods (adjusted odds ratio = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.38). Belonging to the richest households was associated with ready-to-eat food consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.16). Adolescents with higher educational attainment had lower odds of consuming sugar-sweetened beverage (adjusted odds ratio = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.98).ConclusionConsumption of packaged confectioneries, savory snacks, and deep-fried foods appeared common, while SSB consumption was relatively low. Role of gender was pre-eminent as consumption was more likely among boys across the food groups. This may disproportionately expose them to the risk of diet-related non-communicable diseases.
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| 4. |
- Islam, Mohammad Redwanul, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal betel quid use during pregnancy and child growth : a cohort study from rural Bangladesh
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chewing betel quid (BQ) - a preparation commonly containing areca nut and slaked lime wrapped in betel leaf - is entrenched in South Asia. Although BQ consumption during pregnancy has been linked to adverse birth outcomes, its effect on postnatal growth remains largely unexplored.Objective: We examined the associations of BQ use during pregnancy with children's height-for-age and body mass index-for-age z-scores (HAZ and BAZ, respectively) and fat and fat-free mass along with sex-based differences in association in rural Bangladesh.Methods: With a prospective cohort design, we assessed BQ use among mothers enrolled in the Preterm and Stillbirth Study, Matlab (n = 3140) with a structured questionnaire around early third trimester. Children born to a subset of 614 women (including 134 daily users) were invited to follow-up between October 2021 and January 2022. HAZ and BAZ were calculated from anthropometric assessment, and fat and fat-free mass were estimated using bioelectric impedance. Overall and sex-specific multiple linear regression models were fitted.Results: Growth data were available for 501 children (mean age 4.9 years): 43.3% of them were born to non-users, 35.3% to those using prior to or less-than-daily during the survey, and 21.3% to daily users. No statistically significant associations were observed after adjusting for sex, parity, maternal height and education, and household wealth.Conclusions: There was no effect of BQ use during pregnancy on postnatal growth in this study. Longitudinal studies following up those born to heavy users beyond childhood are warranted for capturing long-term implications of prenatal BQ exposure.
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| 5. |
- Pervin, Jesmin, et al.
(författare)
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Association between antenatal care visit and preterm birth : a cohort study in rural Bangladesh.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Strengthening the antenatal care programme is suggested as one of the public health strategies to reduce preterm birth burden at a population level. However, the evidence so far available is inconclusive.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between antenatal care (ANC) visit and preterm birth; and also to explore to what extent the increased usage of ANC after the initiation of the Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) project in Matlab, Bangladesh, contributed to the reduction of preterm birth.SETTING: This population-based cohort study was conducted in Matlab, a subdistrict under Chandpur. The analysis was based on data collected from 2005 to 2009. In 2007, an MNCH project was initiated in the area that strengthened the ongoing ANC services.PARTICIPANTS: In total, 12 980 live births with their mothers during the study period were included in the analysis.ANALYSIS: We performed logistic regression with generalised estimating equation models to evaluate the associations.OUTCOME MEASURES: Preterm birth.RESULTS: The number of ANC visits was associated with preterm birth in a dose-dependent way (p for linear trend <0.001). The adjusted odds of preterm birth were 2.4-times higher (OR 2.37, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.70) among women who received ≤1 ANC compared with women who received ≥3 ANC. We observed a significant reduction of preterm birth rates (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.77) in the period after (2008 to 2009) MNCH project initiation in comparison to the period before (2005 to 2006). Controlling for ANC visits substantially attenuated this observed effect of the MNCH project on preterm birth (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99) (Sobel test of mediation p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: ANC visits are associated with decreased occurrences of preterm births. Strengthening the ANC services should be prioritised in countries with high preterm birth rates to reduce the preterm birth burden at the population level.
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| 6. |
- Rahman, Monjur, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index in early-pregnancy and selected maternal health outcomes : Findings from two cohorts in Bangladesh
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Health. - : International Global Health Society. - 2047-2978 .- 2047-2986. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maternal nutrition is one of the most influential factors that affect the health of the mother and her offspring and remains a significant public health challenge globally. There is a lack of studies evaluating the trends of maternal nutrition and its impact on the burden of pregnancy complications from low-income countries, including Bangladesh. We aimed to determine the burden of early-pregnancy nutrition status based on body mass index (BMI), and the associations of nutritional status with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), cesarean section (CS) delivery, perineal tear and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a rural area in Bangladesh.Methods: This prospective study analyzed data from two cohorts: the Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) project carried out from January 2008 to June 2010, and the Preterm and Stillbirth Study, Matlab (PreSSMat) conducted from October 2015 to March 2018. In total, information of 9287 women who gave birth from the two cohorts was available for analysis. Early-pregnancy BMI was categorized into underweight, normal-weight, and overweight groups. The change in the burden of malnutrition between two cohort periods and the associations between women's BMI and maternal health outcomes were presented in odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Between the two cohort periods, the prevalence of underweight decreased from 17.5% to 15.4%, and overweight increased from 10.8% to 20.9%. The risk of being overweight in pregnant women was about two times (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.94-2.46) higher in the PreSSMat cohort than in the MNCH cohort. After multivariate-adjustment for socio-demographic factors, the pooled ORs of PIH, CS delivery, perineal tear, and PPH were 2.41 (95% CI = 1.95-2.99), 2.12 (95% CI = 1.86-2.41), 2.46 (95% CI = 1.54-3.92), and 1.68 (95% CI = 1.12-2.53), respectively, in women with overweight compared to the normal-weight group.Conclusions: The results confirmed the existence of a double burden of malnutrition in rural women in Bangladesh. Women with overweight had an increased risk of selected pregnancy complications. The findings call for the adoption of appropriate prenatal counseling and preparedness tailored to women's nutritional status to prevent possible adverse health outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Hossain, Sheikh Jamal, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a parenting and nutrition education programme on development and growth of children using a social safety-net platform in urban Bangladesh : a cluster randomized controlled trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia. - : Elsevier. - 2772-3682. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAlthough sustainable development goals mandate for quality early childhood development (ECD) interventions for children <8 years, little occurs for children <3 years, especially in urban settings in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Our primary objective was to measure the effect of an ECD-focused parenting and nutrition education on children's development through home visits using a social safety net platform of urban Bangladesh.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with mothers of children aged 6–16 months in 20 clusters across the Rangpur city, Bangladesh. The intervention group received fortnightly ECD-focused parenting and nutrition education at homes by local Community Health Workers (CHWs) for one year. Bayley-III was used to measure children's cognitive, language and motor development. Data were analyzed using intention to treat. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03753646.FindingsOut of 599 mother-child dyads, 56.6% mothers were aged ≤25 years old. After one year, the intervened children had higher cognitive [Effect size Cohen's d; 0.42 SD (95% CI: 0.58–0.25)], language (0.38 SD, 95% CI: 0.55–0.22) and motor (0.17 SD, 95% CI: 0.01–0.34) development. In the intervention group, mothers experienced less violence [Odds ratio; 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4–1.0)] and fathers engaged more (0.23 SD, CI: 0.39–0.06) in ECD activities with their children compared to the comparison group. Total home stimulation and mothers' knowledge on child care were also improved in the intervention. But the children's growth was not improved.InterpretationThis ECD programme improves the development of children of young mothers in urban settings using a social safety-net platform. The evidence may help in increasing ECD coverage in urban areas in LMICs.
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| 8. |
- Hossain, Sheikh Jamal, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with children's cognitive, language, and motor development in deprived urban settings in Bangladesh
- 2024
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Ingår i: Child Care Health and Development. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-1862 .- 1365-2214. ; 50:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children's development is multifactorial. Although there have been several studies exploring the association of children's development with maternal, child, and environmental factors, we are unaware of any study that assessed those factors in children whose mothers were enrolled in a social safety net programme in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with disadvantaged children's cognitive, language, and motor development at age 6-16 months in deprived settings of urban Bangladesh and to identify relative importance of these factors of children's development. We also explored if there were any gender differences in child development.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a deprived setting of urban Bangladesh. Bayley III was used for assessing children's cognitive, language, and motor development. Multivariable linear regression model was used to find the factors associated with children's development, and dominance analysis was used to explore the relative importance of the factors.Results: Out of the total 599 mother-child dyads, 303 (50.58%) were girls. The factors associated with children's development were length-for-age Z-score (cognitive: B = 1.21 [95% CI = 0.31, 2.11], P = 0.008; language: 1.67 [0.79, 2.55] P < 0.001; motor: 2.15 [1.01, 3.29] P < 0.001) and home environment (cognitive: 0.58 [0.27, 0.89] P < 0.001; language: 0.59 [0.27, 0.92], P < 0.001; motor: 0.44 [0.09, 0.79] P = 0.013). Girls had higher cognitive (1.90 [0.17, 3.6], P = 0.031) and language (2.53 [0.55, 4.51], P = 0.013) development compared with boys. Families with a higher number of under five children within the households had lower language (-1.57 [-2.78, -0.36], P = 0.011) development. Violence against the mother and the families' food security status were not associated with the children's development. Children's length-for-age Z-score (27%) and home stimulation environment (23%) were the most important factors of cognitive development.Conclusion: Children's nutritional status and home environment are important factors for disadvantaged children's development in deprived urban settings of Bangladesh. Both early child development-focussed parenting and nutrition interventions should be considered when designing child development programmes in urban settings in low- and middle-income countries.
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| 9. |
- Igra, Annachiara Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and timing of pubertal onset in a longitudinal mother-child cohort in rural Bangladesh
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In experimental studies, several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have shown endocrine disrupting properties, but very few epidemiological studies have examined their impact on pubertal development and results have been heterogenous. Objective: To explore if maternal PAH exposure during pregnancy was associated with the offspring's timing of pubertal onset. Methods: We studied 582 mother-daughter dyads originating from a population-based cohort in a rural setting in Bangladesh. Maternal urinary samples, collected in early pregnancy (on average, gestational week 8), were analyzed for monohydroxylated metabolites of phenanthrene (1-OH-Phe, E2-,3-OH-Phe, and 4-OH-Phe), fluorene (E2-,3-OH-Flu), and pyrene (1-OH-Pyr) using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The girls were interviewed on two separate occasions concerning date of menarche, as well as breast and pubic hair development according to Tanner. Associations were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression or ordered logistic regression. Results: In early pregnancy, the mothers' median urinary concentrations of E1-,2-,3-,4-OH-Phe, E2-,3-OH-Flu, and 1-OH-Pyr were 3.25 ng/mL, 2.0 ng/mL, and 2.3 ng/mL respectively. At the second follow-up, 78 % of the girls had reached menarche, and the median age of menarche was 12.7 +/- 0.81 years. Girls whose mothers belonged to the second and third quintiles of EOH-Phe metabolites had a higher rate of menarche, indicating a younger menarcheal age (HR 1.39; 95 % CI 1.04, 1.86, and HR 1.41; 95 % CI 1.05, 1.88, respectively), than girls of mothers in the lowest quintile. This trend was not observed in relation to either breast or pubic hair development. None of the other maternal urinary PAH metabolites or the sum of all thereof in early pregnancy were associated with age at menarche or pubertal stage. Conclusions: Indications of non-monotonic associations of prenatal phenanthrene exposure with the daughters' age of menarche were found, warranting further investigation.
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| 10. |
- Islam, Mohammad Redwanul, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents : A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-861X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diet being a modifiable factor, its relationship with cardiometabolicrisk is of public health interest. The vast majority of studies on associations ofdietary patterns with cardiometabolic risk indicators among adolescents are fromhigh-income countries and urban settings. We sought to describe dietary patternsand examine their associations with selected cardiometabolic risk indicators–waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, fasting lipid profile and insulinresistance–along with its gender stratification among adolescents in a low-income,rural setting.Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 15-year follow-up ofthe Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab (MINIMat) cohort insoutheast Bangladesh. The children who were born as singletons to the mothersrandomized in the MINIMat trial and had valid birth anthropometrics were eligiblefor the follow-up. We employed a single, qualitative 24-hour recall to assess diet.Dietary patterns were derived from simple K-means cluster analysis, and calculationof dietary diversity score (DDS) using a validated instrument. Anthropometricparameters and systolic blood pressure were recorded. Fasting plasma triglyceride,total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, insulin and glucose levels weremeasured. We calculated insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model Assessmentequation (HOMA-IR). Three right-skewed outcome variables were natural log (Ln)transformed: WC, triglyceride and HOMA-IR. Omnibus and gender-specific multiplelinear regression models were fitted.Results: Among 2,253 adolescents (52.1% girls, 7.1% overweight/obese), we identifiedfour diet clusters: Traditional, Fish-dominant, Meat-dominant, and High-variety.No significant associations were found between the clusters and indicators. Ongender-stratification, triglyceride levels were lower among boys in the Fish-dominant (Ln-triglyceride βadjusted: −0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.15, −0.02) andMeat-dominant (Ln-triglyceride βadjusted: −0.08; 95% CI: −0.15, −0.004) clusters thanamong boys in the Traditional cluster. Compared to boys in the bottom quartile of DDS, boys in the top quartile had 2.1 mm of Hg (95% CI: 0.5, 3.6) higher systolic bloodpressure and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.01–3.8%) higher WC.Conclusion: While statistically significant, the gender-specific differences intriglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference across dietarypatterns were small. Associations between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic riskindicators may require a time lag beyond mid-adolescence to manifest in a ruralsetting. Prospective studies are warranted to delineate the magnitude and directionof those associations.
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