| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 4. |
- Kalali, Ehsan Naderi, et al.
(författare)
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An eco-friendly, highly efficient, and transparent coating derived from guar gum and citric acid for flame retardant treatment of cotton fabrics
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 253:Part 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- V.A highly efficient, bio-ecofriendly, and transparent flame retardant (FR) for cotton fabric was developed and deposited onto the cellulose skeletal structure of cotton fabric through a one-pot sol-gel process. The flame retardant functional coating is composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), guar gum (GG), citric acid (CA), and a negligible amount of catalyst. Cotton fabrics were impregnated with different concentrations of ammonium polyphosphate and guar gum, with citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The overall crosslinking and grafting process was proven by FTIR and XPS. Based on the results, the designed coating exhibits over 90 % transmittance in the visible region. A 15 g/m2 flame-retardant coating induces excellent flame retardant efficiency at ultra-low flame-retardant concentrations of less than 6.25 wt%. Only a 5.25 wt% flame retardant concentration demonstrated condensed phase action, which resulted in 58.5 % and 73.6 % reductions in the pHRR and THR, respectively. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value showed a 74 % increase. The mechanical performance of FR coated cotton fibers was slightly reduced.
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| 5. |
- Ahsan, Amimul, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the impacts of best management practices (BMPs) on pollution reduction in the Yarra River catchment, Australia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied water science. - : Springer. - 2190-5487 .- 2190-5495. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollution of a watershed by different land uses and agricultural practices is becoming a major challenging factor that results in deterioration of water quality affecting human health and ecosystems. Sustainable use of available water resources warrants reduction of Non-Point Source (NPS) pollutants from receiving water bodies through best management practices (BMPs). A hydrologic model such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can be used for analyzing the impacts of various BMPs and implementing of different management plans for water quality improvement, which will help decision makers to determine the best combination of BMPs to maximize benefits. The objective of this study is to assess the potential reductions of sediments and nutrient loads by utilizing different BMPs on the Yarra River watershed using the SWAT model. The watershed is subdivided into 51 sub-watersheds where seven different BMPs were implemented. A SWAT model was developed and calibrated against a baseline period of 1998–2008. For calibration and validation of the model simulations for both the monthly and annual nutrients and sediments were assessed by using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistical index. The values of the NSE were found more than 0.50 which indicates satisfactory model predictions. By utilizing different BMPs, the highest pollution reduction with minimal costs can be done by 32% targeted mixed-crop area. Furthermore, the combined effect of five BMPs imparts most sediments and nutrient reductions in the watershed. Overall, the selection of a BMP or combinations of BMPs should be set based on the goals set in a BMP application project.
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| 6. |
- Das, Sushil K., et al.
(författare)
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Calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis of a SWAT water quality model
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied water science. - : Springer Nature. - 2190-5487 .- 2190-5495. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediment and nutrient pollution in water bodies is threatening human health and the ecosystem, due to rapid land use changes and improper agricultural practices. The impact of the nonpoint source pollution needs to be evaluated for the sustainable use of water resources. An ideal tool like the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) can assess the impact of pollutant loads on the drainage area, which could be beneficial for developing a water quality management model. This study aims to evaluate the SWAT model’s multi-objective and multivariable calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis at three different sites of the Yarra River drainage area in Victoria, Australia. The drainage area is split into 51 subdrainage areas in the SWAT model. The model is calibrated and validated for streamflow from 1990 to 2008 and sediment and nutrients from 1998 to 2008. The results show that most of the monthly and annual calibration and validation for streamflow, nutrients, and sediment at the three selected sites are found with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values greater than 0.50. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis of the model shows satisfactory results where the p-factor value is reliable by considering 95% prediction uncertainty and the d-factor value is close to zero. The model's results indicate that the model performs well in the river's watershed, which helps construct a water quality management model. Finally, the model application in the cost-effective management of water quality might reduce pollution in water bodies due to land use and agricultural activities, which would be beneficial to water management managers.
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| 7. |
- Domaschuk, L., et al.
(författare)
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Creep of frozen sand under isotropic and deviatoric components of stress
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of energy resources technology. - : ASME International. - 0195-0738 .- 1528-8994. ; 107:2, s. 199-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The creep behavior of frozen soil is being studied by examining its response to changes in the mean normal stress and changes in the deviatoric components of stress, using separate tests.^The two response components will then be coupled to provide a model for a general stress state.^The paper contains the results of three triaxial compression creep tests on frozen sand (T=-3 C) in which the samples were subjected to changes in the deviatoric components of stress only. Stepwise stress increases were applied for periods up to 1700 hr during which volumetric and axial strains were measured. The samples underwent attenuating creep when subjected to low stress levels and accelerating creep when subjected to higher stress levels, with no indication of a significantly long period of steady-state creep.The samples underwent volume reduction when the axial strains were attenuating and dilated when the axial strain rates began to accelerate.
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| 8. |
- Khan, Md. Habibur Rahman Bejoy, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the surface water quality using global water quality index (WQI) models: perspective of river water pollution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid industrialization, urbanization, global warming, and climate change are compromising surface water quality across the globe. Consequently, water conservation is essential for both environmental sustainability and human survival. This study assesses the water quality of the Jamuna River in Bangladesh at five distinct sites during wet and dry seasons. It employs six global water quality indices (WQIs) and contrasts the results with Bangladesh's Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) and the Department of Environment (DoE) criteria. The WQI models used are the Weighted Arithmetic WQI (WAWQI), British Columbia WQI (BCWQI), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI (CWQI), Assigned WQI (AWQI), Malaysian WQI (MWQI), and Oregon WQI (OWQI). Fifteen physicochemical parameters were analyzed according to each WQI model's guidelines. The findings reveal that most parameters surpass the standard permissible values. The WQI model results indicate that the average water quality across the five sites falls into the lowest category. A comparison of the WQI models suggests potential correlations between WAWQI and AWQI, as well as between MWQI and OWQI. The straightforward presentation of the WQI models indicates that while the river water requires treatment for household and drinking use, it remains suitable for irrigation. The decline in water quality is likely attributable to human activities, urbanization, municipal waste disposal, and industrial effluents. Authorities must prioritize regular monitoring and assessment of water quality to address the identified challenges. Restoring the water to an acceptable standard will become increasingly difficult without proactive measures.
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| 9. |
- Tarek, Iftakher Hasan Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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A Hybrid Hotel Recommendation Using Collaborative, Content Based and Knowledge Based Approach
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Intelligent Computing & Optimization. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 1049-1057
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Everybody plans vacations, and the first step in that process is to book a hotel. With the hospitality sector being so competitive, it’s critical to maintain best practices and stay on top of client demands and wants. They want individualized experiences, one-of-a-kind amenities, and a general sense of well-being on all levels. A consumer of a hotel recommendation system frequently encounters challenges in obtaining and fulfilling his or her wishes. Content-based filtering and collaborative filtering are two well-known strategies for creating a recommender system. Content-based filtering does not use human opinions to produce predictions, whereas collaborative filtering does, resulting in more accurate predictions. Collaborative filtering, on the other hand, cannot forecast objects that have never been rated by anyone. Both approaches can be merged with a hybrid methodology to cover the disadvantages of each approach while gaining the benefits of the other. This research employed Item-Item collaborative filtering (CF) and content-based filtering (CB) to calculate hotel similarity in our suggested method. It uses cosine similarity to calculate user similarity. For content-based filtering, natural language processing (NLP) is also employed. Our model employs a knowledge-based approach for Cold-User scenarios. Precision, recall and f1 used to evaluate the recommendation system.
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