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- Arabchigavkani, N., et al.
(author)
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Remote Mesoscopic Signatures of Induced Magnetic Texture in Graphene
- 2021
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 126:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mesoscopic conductance fluctuations are a ubiquitous signature of phase-coherent transport in small conductors, exhibiting universal character independent of system details. In this Letter, however, we demonstrate a pronounced breakdown of this universality, due to the interplay of local and remote phenomena in transport. Our experiments are performed in a graphene-based interaction-detection geometry, in which an artificial magnetic texture is induced in the graphene layer by covering a portion of it with a micromagnet. When probing conduction at some distance from this region, the strong influence of remote factors is manifested through the appearance of giant conductance fluctuations, with amplitude much larger than e(2)/h. This violation of one of the fundamental tenets of mesoscopic physics dramatically demonstrates how local considerations can be overwhelmed by remote signatures in phase-coherent conductors.
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- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(author)
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Biotechnological strategies for bio-transforming biosolid into resources toward circular bio-economy : A review
- 2022
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In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 156
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biosolids are the biological organic matter extracted from various treatment processes of wastewater which are considered as a rich source of energy and nutrients. The most commonly used method for the disposal of biosolids is landfilling. But this causes the loss of valuable nutrients and creates environmental issues. Circular economy approaches provide a better way for utilization these resources in a sustainable manner. This allows maximum utilization of resources and many natural resources can be preserved and utilized for future generations. The present review provides a comprehensive illustration of biotechnological approaches for the utilization of biosolids. Various process strategies for the utilization of biosolids for the production of energy, fuels and valueadded products are discussed. The utilization of this rich organic matter under circular economy has also been described in detail.
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- Sahoo, Bikash R., et al.
(author)
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Degradation of Alzheimer's Amyloid-β by a Catalytically Inactive Insulin-Degrading Enzyme
- 2021
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In: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 433:13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is known that insulin-degrading-enzyme (IDE) plays a crucial role in the clearance of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta (A beta). The cysteine-free IDE mutant (cf-E111Q-IDE) is catalytically inactive against insulin, but its effect on A beta degradation is unknown that would help in the allosteric modulation of the enzyme activity. Herein, the degradation of A beta(1-40) by cf-E111Q-IDE via a non-chaperone mechanism is demonstrated by NMR and LC-MS, and the aggregation of fragmented peptides is characterized using fluorescence and electron microscopy. cf-E111Q-IDE presented a reduced effect on the aggregation kinetics of A beta(1-40) when compared with the wild-type IDE. Whereas LC-MS and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy revealed the generation of A beta fragments by both wild-type and cf-E111Q-IDE. The aggregation propensities and the difference in the morphological phenotype of the full-length A beta(1-40) and its fragments are explained using multi-microseconds molecular dynamics simulations. Notably, our results reveal that zinc binding to A beta(1-40) inactivates cf-E111Q-IDE's catalytic function, whereas zinc removal restores its function as evidenced from high-speed AFM, electron microscopy, chromatography, and NMR results. These findings emphasize the catalytic role of cf-E111Q-IDE on A beta degradation and urge the development of zinc chelators as an alternative therapeutic strategy that switches on/off IDE's function.
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| 8. |
- Sahoo, Bikash R., et al.
(author)
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y Degradation of Alzheimer's Amyloid-beta by a Catalytically Inactive Insulin-Degrading Enzyme
- 2021
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In: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 433:13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is known that insulin-degrading-enzyme (IDE) plays a crucial role in the clearance of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta (A beta). The cysteine-free IDE mutant (cf-E111Q-IDE) is catalytically inactive against insulin, but its effect on A beta degradation is unknown that would help in the allosteric modulation of the enzyme activity. Herein, the degradation of A beta(1-40) by cf-E111Q-IDE via a non-chaperone mechanism is demonstrated by NMR and LC-MS, and the aggregation of fragmented peptides is characterized using fluorescence and electron microscopy. cf-E111Q-IDE presented a reduced effect on the aggregation kinetics of A beta(1-40) when compared with the wild-type IDE. Whereas LC-MS and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy revealed the generation of A beta fragments by both wild-type and cf-E111Q-IDE. The aggregation propensities and the difference in the morphological phenotype of the full-length A beta(1-40) and its fragments are explained using multi-microseconds molecular dynamics simulations. Notably, our results reveal that zinc binding to A beta(1-40) inactivates cf-E111Q-IDE's catalytic function, whereas zinc removal restores its function as evidenced from high-speed AFM, electron microscopy, chromatography, and NMR results. These findings emphasize the catalytic role of cf-E111Q-IDE on A beta degradation and urge the development of zinc chelators as an alternative therapeutic strategy that switches on/off IDE's function. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Somphonsane, R., et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the Sources of Graphene's Resistivity Using Differential Conductance
- 2017
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In: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We explore the contributions to the electrical resistance of monolayer and bilayer graphene, revealing transitions between different regimes of charge carrier scattering. In monolayer graphene at low densities, a nonmonotonic variation of the resistance is observed as a function of temperature. Such behaviour is consistent with the influence of scattering from screened Coulomb impurities. At higher densities, the resistance instead varies in a manner consistent with the influence of scattering from acoustic and optical phonons. The crossover from phonon-, to charged-impurity, limited conduction occurs once the concentration of gate-induced carriers is reduced below that of the residual carriers. In bilayer graphene, the resistance exhibits a monotonic decrease with increasing temperature for all densities, with the importance of short-range impurity scattering resulting in a "universal" density-independent ( scaled) conductivity at high densities. At lower densities, the conductivity deviates from this universal curve, pointing to the importance of thermal activation of carriers out of charge puddles. These various assignments, in both systems, are made possible by an approach of "differential-conductance mapping", which allows us to suppress quantum corrections to reveal the underlying mechanisms governing the resistivity.
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- Somphonsane, R., et al.
(author)
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Universal scaling of weak localization in graphene due to bias-induced dispersion decoherence
- 2020
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In: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The differential conductance of graphene is shown to exhibit a zero-bias anomaly at low temperatures, arising from a suppression of the quantum corrections due to weak localization and electron interactions. A simple rescaling of these data, free of any adjustable parameters, shows that this anomaly exhibits a universal, temperature- (T) independent form. According to this, the differential conductance is approximately constant at small voltages (V < k(B)T/e), while at larger voltages it increases logarithmically with the applied bias. For theoretical insight into the origins of this behaviour, which is inconsistent with electron heating, we formulate a model for weak-localization in the presence of nonequilibrium transport. According to this model, the applied voltage causes unavoidable dispersion decoherence, which arises as diffusing electron partial waves, with a spread of energies defined by the value of the applied voltage, gradually decohere with one another as they diffuse through the system. The decoherence yields a universal scaling of the conductance as a function of eV/k(B)T, with a logarithmic variation for eV/k(B)T > 1, variations in accordance with the results of experiment. Our theoretical description of nonequilibrium transport in the presence of this source of decoherence exhibits strong similarities with the results of experiment, including the aforementioned rescaling of the conductance and its logarithmic variation as a function of the applied voltage.
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