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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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- Faisal, Ayad A. H., et al.
(författare)
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A mathematical model for simulation the removal of cadmium and chromium from groundwater using scrap iron and aluminum as permeable reactive barrier
- 2022
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Desalination Publications. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 259, s. 186-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work is represented by the derivation of mathematical model and solving the model analytically using the method of separation of variables to describe the migration of the contaminant metal ions through a column packed with bed of permeable reactive barrier (PRB). The validity of the solution can be evaluated through the simulation of cadmium and chromium ions using scrap iron and/or aluminum by-products in the form of wastes that if not utilized to treat waste by waste can impose further burden over the ecosystem. Breakthrough curves proved that the increase of metal ions velocity will decrease the capturing of the ions; therefore, the distribu-tion coefficient and the retardation factor also decrease. Furthermore, the increase of barrier depth will increase the longevity of PRB because this will delay the migration of contaminant. A mathematical model has acceptable ability in the representation of experimental measurements with Nash-Sutcliff efficiency coefficients greater than 0.98. The longevity of the PRB was estimated for the field scale to be 210 and 250 d to produce contaminant effluent beyond 100 cm barrier matrix within the environmental permissible concentrations. Although groundwater velocity is highly variable, a proposed velocity of 0.25 cm/min which is assumed to be analogous to the groundwater velocity has revealed prolonged longevity of 7.02 y for the capture of chromium.
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- Rashid, Hayder M., et al.
(författare)
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Novel material from immobilization of magnesium oxide and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide nanoparticles onto waterworks sludge for removing methylene blue from aqueous solution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of King Saud University - Science. - : Elsevier. - 1018-3647. ; 35:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utilizing the waterworks sludge byproduct in the treatment of wastewater contained methylene blue dye is one approach that has been taken in an effort to lessen the difficulties that are associated with managing such byproduct. The prime aim of this work is manufacturing of novel sorbent from co-precipitation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the surfaces of waterworks sludge in the existence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant. Surfactant 0.04 g/50 mL, dose of sludge 2 g/50 mL, and pH 12 were the most efficient preparation parameters to remove 75.31% of adopted dye. The adsorption studies were conducted under various conditions of contact time (0–240 min), concentration of dye (10–300 mg/L), sorbent mass (0.05–1.5 g), and solution pH (3–12). The best values of batch parameters were identical to the highest percentages of contaminant removal. Results proved that the magnesium oxide nanoparticles are attached to the sludge surfaces. Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models have perfectly described sorption results with 59.92 mg/g maximum sorption capacity. The breakthrough curves can be accurately described by the Bohart-Adams model. The outputs of continuous tests have been paved the way for future usage of the prepared sorbent in the field permeable reactive barrier technology.
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