| 1. |
- Marcaide, J. M., et al.
(author)
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Discovery of shell-like radio-structure in SN1993J
- 1995
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In: Nature. - London : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 373:6509, s. 44-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SUPERNOVA explosions are poorly understood, partly because of difficulties in modelling them theoretically(1), and partly because there have been no supernovae observed in our Galaxy since the invention of the telescope. But the recent discovery(2) of supernova SN1993J in the nearby galaxy M81 offers an opportunity to investigate the evolution of the remnant, and its interaction with the surrounding interstellar medium, at high resolution. Here we present radio observations of SN1993J, made using very-long-baseline interferometry, which show the development of a shell structure. This 8-month-old radio shell is the youngest ever discovered in a supernova. The data suggest that the supernova explosion and the expanding shell of the remnant have nearly spherical symmetry, with small deviations where some parts of the shell are brighter than others. If these deviations arise because of variations in the density of the shell, this may reconcile earlier reports of symmetric radio emission(3) with the observed optical asymmetry(4,5), as the density variations could easily cause the latter. We infer that the radio emission is generated at the interface(6-9), where the surrounding gas is shocked by the ejecta.
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| 2. |
- Marcaide, J. M., et al.
(author)
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The quasars 1038+528 A and B
- 1985
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - Les Ulis : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 142:1, s. 71-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The results of VLBI observations of the quasars 1038 + 528 A and B at 2.8, 3.6, 13, and 18 cm at various times between November 1979 and March 1981 are reported. The observations and data calibration are described, as are the mapping and astrometric techniques applied in the study. Both quasars are found to have 'core-jet' morphologies. The core of the A quasar dominates its morphology at centrimetric wavelengths with the brightness temperature of its 400 pc long jet being about 1/100 that of the core. By contrast, the 'jet' in the B quasar is very short (about 70 pc); the tail of this jet has the steepest spectral index found to date in extragalactic compact sources, indicating that high electron losses are responsible for the shortness of the jet. No evidence for appreciable morphological change in the B quasar was found over the time span of the study, whereas a new feature may be emerging from the A quasar core at superluminal speed.
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| 3. |
- Newcomer, J. W., et al.
(author)
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A 24-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized study to compare changes in glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia receiving treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone
- 2009
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In: J Clin Psychiatry. - 1555-2101 .- 1555-2101 .- 0160-6689. ; 70:4, s. 487-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This randomized, 24-week, flexible-dose study compared changes in glucose metabolism in patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia receiving initial exposure to olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone. METHOD: The hypothesized primary endpoint was change (baseline to week 24) in area under the curve (AUC) 0- to 2-hour plasma glucose values during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); primary analysis: olanzapine versus quetiapine. Secondary endpoints included mean change in AUC 0- to 2-hour plasma insulin values, insulin sensitivity index, and fasting lipids. The first patient enrolled on April 29, 2004, and the last patient completed the study on October 24, 2005. RESULTS: Mean weight change (kg) over 24 weeks was +3.7 (quetiapine), +4.6 (olanzapine), and +3.6 (risperidone). Based on data from 395 patients (quetiapine, N = 115 [mean dose = 607.0 mg/day], olanzapine, N = 146 [mean dose = 15.2 mg/day], and risperidone, N = 134 [mean dose = 5.2 mg/day]), mean change in AUC 0- to 2-hour glucose value (mg/dL x h) at week 24 was significantly lower for quetiapine versus olanzapine (t = 1.98, df = 377, p = .048). Increases in AUC 0- to 2-hour glucose values were statistically significant with olanzapine (+21.9 mg/dL x h, 95% CI = 11.5 to 32.4 mg/dL x h) and risperidone (+18.8 mg/dL x h, 95% CI = 8.1 to 29.4 mg/dL x h), but not quetiapine (+9.1 mg/dL x h, 95% CI = -2.3 to 20.5 mg/dL x h). AUC 0- to 2-hour insulin values increased statistically significantly with olanzapine (+24.5%, 95% CI = 11.5% to 39.0%), but not with quetiapine or risperidone. Reductions in insulin sensitivity index were statistically significant with olanzapine (-19.1%, 95% CI = -27.9% to -9.3%) and risperidone (-15.8%, 95% CI = -25.1% to -5.4%), but not quetiapine. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels increased statistically significantly with olanzapine (+21.1 mg/dL, 95% CI = 13.0 to 29.2 mg/dL, and +20.5 mg/dL, 95% CI = 13.8 to 27.1 mg/dL, respectively) and quetiapine (+13.1 mg/dL, 95% CI = 4.3 to 21.9 mg/dL, and +13.3 mg/dL, 95% CI = 6.1 to 20.5 mg/dL, respectively), but not risperidone. Statistically significant increases in triglycerides (+30.9 mg/dL, 95% CI = 10.9 to 51.0 mg/dL), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (0.5, 95% CI = 0.2 to 0.8), and triglyceride/HDL ratio (0.3, 95% CI = 0.0 to 0.6) were observed with olanzapine only. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a significant difference in the change in glucose tolerance during 6 months' treatment with olanzapine versus quetiapine, with significant reductions on olanzapine and risperidone, but not quetiapine; these differential changes were largely explained by changes in insulin sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00214578.
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| 4. |
- Abu-Elyazeed, R R, et al.
(author)
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Safety and immunogenicity of a glycoprotein D genital herpes vaccine in healthy girls 10-17 years of age : results from a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial
- 2013
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In: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 31:51, s. 6136-6143
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The investigational AS04-adjuvanted herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) subunit prophylactic vaccine ('HSV vaccine'; GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) has been shown to be well tolerated in adults, but limited data exist for pre-teen and adolescent girls, a likely target population. The primary objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) over 12 months between HSV vaccine recipients and saline recipients (placebo control group) in pre-teen and adolescent girls. The immunogenicity of the HSV vaccine was also assessed.METHODS: Healthy girls aged 10-17 years, stratified by age (10-15 years; 16-17 years), were randomised 2:1:1 to receive the HSV vaccine, a hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix™; HAV control) or placebo (saline) according to a 0-, 1-, 6-month schedule. Participants and study personnel not involved in the preparation or administration of vaccines were blinded to treatment. Safety and immunogenicity analyses were performed overall and by age (10-15 years; 16-17 years) and HSV serostatus.RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the percentage of subjects with SAEs was observed between the HSV and saline group, or between the HSV and pooled control (HAV and saline) groups. The HSV vaccine was well tolerated, although a higher incidence of solicited local symptoms was observed in the HSV group than in the control group. Neither age nor HSV serostatus at the time of study entry had an impact on the safety profile of this vaccine. The HSV vaccine was immunogenic regardless of pre-vaccination HSV serostatus. Higher anti-gD geometric mean concentrations were observed in HSV-1 seropositive participants than in HSV-1 seronegative participants.CONCLUSION: The HSV vaccine had an acceptable safety profile, and was well tolerated and immunogenic when administered to girls aged 10-17 years regardless of age or HSV pre-vaccination serostatus.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fall, Magnus, 1941, et al.
(author)
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Hunner lesion disease differs in diagnosis, treatment and outcome from bladder pain syndrome: an ESSIC working group report
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 54:2, s. 91-98
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: There is confusion about the terms of bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and Interstitial Cystitis (IC). The European Society for the Study of IC (ESSIC) classified these according to objective findings [9]. One phenotype, Hunner lesion disease (HLD or ESSIC 3C) differs markedly from other presentations. Therefore, the question was raised as to whether this is a separate condition or BPS subtype. Methods: An evaluation was made to explore if HLD differs from other BPS presentations regarding symptomatology, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, endoscopy, histopathology, natural history, epidemiology, prognosis and treatment outcomes. Results: Cystoscopy is the method of choice to identify Hunner lesions, histopathology the method to confirm it. You cannot distinguish between main forms of BPS by means of symptoms, physical examination or laboratory tests. Epidemiologic data are incomplete. HLD seems relatively uncommon, although more frequent in older patients than non-HLD. No indication has been presented of BPS and HLD as a continuum of conditions, one developing into the other. Conclusions: A paradigm shift in the understanding of BPS/IC is urgent. A highly topical issue is to separate HLD and BPS: treatment results and prognoses differ substantially. Since historically, IC was tantamount to Hunner lesions and interstitial inflammation in the bladder wall, still, a valid definition, the term IC should preferably be reserved for HLD patients. BPS is a symptom syndrome without specific objective findings and should be used for other patients fulfilling the ESSIC definitions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Freemantle, N, et al.
(author)
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Insulin degludec improves health-related quality of life (SF-36(®) ) compared with insulin glargine in people with Type 2 diabetes starting on basal insulin : a meta-analysis of phase 3a trials
- 2013
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In: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 30:2, s. 226-232
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To compare the effect of insulin degludec and insulin glargine on health-related quality of life in patients with Type 2 diabetes starting on insulin therapy.METHODS: Patient-level data from three open-label, randomized, treat-to-target trials of 26 or 52 weeks' duration were pooled using a weighted analysis in conjunction with a fixed-effects model. Insulin-naive patients received either insulin degludec (n = 1290) or insulin glargine (n = 632) once daily, in combination with oral anti-diabetic drugs. Glycaemic control was assessed via HbA(1c) and fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Rates of hypoglycaemia, defined as plasma glucose < 3.1 mmol/l (< 56 mg/dl), were recorded. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form (SF-36(®) ) version 2 questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized linear model with treatment, trial, anti-diabetic therapy at baseline, gender, region and age as explanatory variables.RESULTS: Insulin degludec was confirmed as non-inferior to insulin glargine based on HbA(1c) concentrations. In each trial comprising the meta-analysis, fasting plasma glucose and confirmed overall and nocturnal (00.01-05.59 h) hypoglycaemia were all numerically or significantly lower with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine. At endpoint, the overall physical health component score was significantly higher (better) with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine [+0.66 (95% CI 0.04-1.28)], largely attributable to a difference [+1.10 (95% CI 0.22-1.98)] in the bodily pain domain score. In the mental domains, vitality was significantly higher with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine [+0.81 (95% CI 0.01-1.59)].CONCLUSIONS: Compared with insulin glargine, insulin degludec leads to improvements in both mental and physical health status for patients with Type 2 diabetes initiating insulin therapy.
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| 10. |
- Gonzalez, Betina, et al.
(author)
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Endogenously elevated androgens alter the developmental programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in male mice.
- 2011
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In: Molecular and cellular endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8057 .- 0303-7207. ; 332:1-2, s. 78-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transgenic male mice that express human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) α and β subunits constitutively hypersecrete hCG and produce elevated levels of androgens. The aim of this study was to characterize the hypothalamic-pituitary function of these transgenic (hCGαβ+) males by focusing on FSH regulation. Serum FSH levels and pituitary mRNA expression of Fshb, Lhb, Cga, Gnrhr and Esr1 were reduced, whereas Fst expression was increased in prepubertal hCGαβ+ males as compared with wild-type. In the hypothalamus, Cyp19a1 expression, GnRH concentration and ex-vivo GnRH pulsatility were elevated in prepubertal hCGαβ+ mice, whereas Kiss1 expression was decreased prepubertally and Gad67 expression was elevated neonatally. The effect of androgens on the developmental programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of hCGαβ+ males was evaluated by perinatal and prepubertal antiandrogen (flutamide) administration. Our studies identified a critical window between gestational day 18 and postnatal day 14, during which chronically elevated androgens and/or their locally produced metabolites activate the hypothalamus and concomitantly shut-down the gonadotropin axis.
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