| 1. |
- Berglund, Tomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Temporary Contracts, Employment Trajectories and Dualisation : A Comparison of Norway and Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Work, Employment and Society. - : Sage Publications. - 0950-0170 .- 1469-8722. ; 37:2, s. 505-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares the labour market trajectories of the temporary employed in Norway with those in Sweden. Sweden's employment protection legislation gap between the strict protection of permanent employment and the loose regulation of temporary employment has widened in recent decades, while Norway has maintained balanced and strict regulation of both employment types. The study asserts that the two countries differ concerning the distribution of trajectories, leading to permanent employment and trajectories that do not create firmer labour market attachment. Using sequence analysis to analyse two-year panels of the labour force survey for 1997-2011, several different trajectories are discerned in the two countries. The bridge trajectories dominate in Norway, while dead-end trajectories are more common in Sweden. Moreover, the bridge trajectories are selected to stronger categories (mid-aged and higher educated) in Sweden than in Norway. The results are discussed from the perspective of labour market dualisation.
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| 2. |
- Shakeshaft, Nicholas G., et al.
(författare)
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Thinking positively : The genetics of high intelligence
- 2015
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Ingår i: Intelligence. - New York, USA : Elsevier. - 0160-2896 .- 1873-7935. ; 48, s. 123-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High intelligence (general cognitive ability) is fundamental to the human capital that drives societies in the information age. Understanding the origins of this intellectual capital is important for government policy, for neuroscience, and for genetics. For genetics, a key question is whether the genetic causes of high intelligence are qualitatively or quantitatively different from the normal distribution of intelligence. We report results from a sibling and twin study of high intelligence and its links with the normal distribution. We identified 360,000 sibling pairs and 9000 twin pairs from 3 million 18-year-old males with cognitive assessments administered as part of conscription to military service in Sweden between 1968 and 2010. We found that high intelligence is familial, heritable, and caused by the same genetic and environmental factors responsible for the normal distribution of intelligence. High intelligence is a good candidate for "positive genetics" - going beyond the negative effects of DNA sequence variation on disease and disorders to consider the positive end of the distribution of genetic effects.
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| 3. |
- Silverman, Michael E., et al.
(författare)
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The risk factors for postpartum depression : A population-based study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Depression and anxiety (Print). - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 1091-4269 .- 1520-6394. ; 34:2, s. 178-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) can result in negative personal and child developmental outcomes. Only a few large population-based studies of PPD have used clinical diagnoses of depression and no study has examined how a maternal depression history interacts with known risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a depression history on PPD and pre- and perinatal risk factors.Methods: A nationwide prospective cohort study of all women with live singleton births in Sweden from 1997 through 2008 was conducted. Relative risk (RR) of clinical depression within the first year postpartum and two-sided 95% confidence intervals were estimated.Results: The RR of PPD in women with a history of depression was estimated at 21.03 (confidence interval: 19.72-22.42), compared to those without. Among all women, PPD risk increased with advanced age (1.25 (1.13-1.37)) and gestational diabetes (1.70 (1.36-2.13)). Among women with a history of depression, pregestational diabetes (1.49 (1.01-2.21)) and mild preterm delivery also increased risk (1.20 (1.06-1.36)). Among women with no depression history, young age (2.14 (1.79-2.57)), undergoing instrument-assisted (1.23 (1.09-1.38)) or cesarean (1.64(1.07-2.50)) delivery, and moderate preterm delivery increased risk (1.36 (1.05-1.75)). Rates of PPD decreased considerably after the first postpartum month (RR = 0.27).Conclusions: In the largest population-based study to date, the risk of PPD was more than 20 times higher for women with a depression history, compared to women without. Gestational diabetes was independently associated with a modestly increased PPD risk. Maternal depression history also had a modifying effect on pre- and perinatal PPD risk factors.
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| 4. |
- Dimanchev, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of the missing risk market problem for power system emissions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liberalized power markets are characterized by a missing market problem: a limited availability of long-term contracts leaves risk-averse investors exposed to uninsured risk. We explore how this problem affects a power system's capacity mix and overall emissions. For this purpose, we develop a new equilibrium generation expansion model that endogenously captures investors’ risk exposure in incomplete markets. Our approach addresses the problem of multiple equilibria and, partly, the computational burden inherent to such models. We solve our model for an abstract system with gas, wind, solar, and battery storage under demand and gas price uncertainty. The results first show that, when risk markets are missing, investment risk can cause higher emissions and less clean energy investment than what would be implied by a model that omits investment risk. The impact of risk on investment depends only partly on technologies’ capital intensities and largely on how technologies interact at the systems level. We also compare system outcomes with missing long-term markets to the socially optimal case, where risk-averse investors and consumers trade risk via complete long-term markets. In the absence of long-term markets, we observe higher emissions, less investment in renewables and storage, and more investment in gas. These results suggest that long-term market mechanisms for electricity generation and storage may advance climate goals while addressing inefficiencies in current markets.
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