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- Björk, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in the vitamin D receptor gene are not associated with measures of muscle strength, physical performance, or falls in elderly men : Data from MrOS Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-0760 .- 1879-1220. ; 187, s. 160-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for several musculoskeletal phenotypes. However, previous results on the associations between genetic variants of the VDR with muscle strength and falls have been contradictory. The MrOS Sweden survey, a prospective population-based cohort study of 3014 elderly men (mean age 75 years, range 69-81) offered the opportunity to further investigate these associations. At baseline, data were collected on muscle strength and also the prevalence of falls during the previous 12 months. Genetic association analysis was performed for 7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), covering the genetic region surrounding the VDR gene in 2924 men with available samples of DNA. Genetic variations in the VDR were not associated with five different measurements of muscle strength or physical performance (hand grip strength right and left, 6 m walking test (easy and narrow) and timed-stands test). However, one of the 7 SNPs of the gene for the VDR receptor, rs7136534, was associated with prevalence of falls (33.6% of the AA, 14.6% of the AG and 16.5% of the GG allele). In conclusion, VDR genetic variants are not related to muscle strength or physical performance in elderly Swedish men. The role of the rs7136534 SNP for the occurrence of falls is not clear.
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| 4. |
- Cawthon, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Putative Cut-Points in Sarcopenia Components and Incident Adverse Health Outcomes: AnSDOCAnalysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 68:7, s. 1429-1437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES Analyses performed by the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) identified cut-points in several metrics of grip strength for consideration in a definition of sarcopenia. We describe the associations between the SDOC-identified metrics of low grip strength (absolute or standardized to body size/composition); low dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) lean mass as previously defined in the literature (appendicular lean mass [ALM]/ht(2)); and slowness (walking speed <.8 m/s) with subsequent adverse outcomes (falls, hip fractures, mobility limitation, and mortality). DESIGN Individual-level, sex-stratified pooled analysis. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) for incident falls, mobility limitation, hip fractures, and mortality. Follow-up time ranged from 1 year for falls to 8.8 +/- 2.3 years for mortality. SETTING Eight prospective observational cohort studies. PARTICIPANTS A total of 13,421 community-dwelling men and 4,828 community-dwelling women. MEASUREMENTS Grip strength by hand dynamometry, gait speed, and lean mass by DXA. RESULTS Low grip strength (absolute or standardized to body size/composition) was associated with incident outcomes, usually independently of slowness, in both men and women. ORs and HRs generally ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 for those below vs above the cut-point. DXA lean mass was not consistently associated with these outcomes. When considered together, those who had both muscle weakness by absolute grip strength (<35.5 kg in men and <20 kg in women) and slowness were consistently more likely to have a fall, hip fracture, mobility limitation, or die than those without either slowness or muscle weakness. CONCLUSION Older men and women with both muscle weakness and slowness have a higher likelihood of adverse health outcomes. These results support the inclusion of grip strength and walking speed as components in a summary definition of sarcopenia.
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- Cronholm, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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The fracture predictive ability of a musculoskeletal composite score in old men - data from the MrOs Sweden study
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatr. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDetection of high-risk individuals for fractures are needed. This study assessed whether level of physical activity (PA) and a musculoskeletal composite score could be used as fracture predictive tools, and if the score could predict fractures better than areal bone mineral density (aBMD).MethodsMrOs Sweden is a prospective population-based observational study that at baseline included 3014 men aged 69-81years. We assessed femoral neck bone mineral content (BMC), bone area, aBMD and total body lean mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, calcaneal speed of sound by quantitative ultrasound and hand grip strength by a handheld dynamometer. PA was assessed by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire. We followed the participants until the date of first fracture, death or relocation (median 9.6years). A musculoskeletal composite score was calculated as mean Z-score of the five measured traits. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the association between the musculoskeletal traits, the composite score and incident fractures (yes/no) during the follow-up period. Data are presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for fracture for a+1 standard deviation (SD) change (+1 Z-score) in the various musculoskeletal traits as well as the composite score. We used a linear regression model to estimate the association between level of PA, measured as PASE-score and the different musculoskeletal traits as well as the composite score.ResultsA+1 SD higher composite score was associated with an incident fracture HR of 0.61 (0.54, 0.69), however not being superior to aBMD in fracture prediction. A+1 SD higher PASE-score was associated with both a higher composite score and lower fracture incidence (HR 0.83 (0.76, 0.90)).ConclusionsThe composite score was similar to femoral neck aBMD in predicting fractures, and also low PA predicted fractures. This highlights the need of randomized controlled trials to evaluate if PA could be used as a fracture preventive strategy.
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- Cöster, Marcus E., et al.
(författare)
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Physical function tests predict incident falls : A prospective study of 2969 men in the Swedish Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:4, s. 436-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Falls are common in the elderly population, and fall-related injuries are a major health issue. We investigated the ability of simple physical tests to predict incident falls. Methods: The Swedish Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study includes 3014 population-based men aged 69–81 years at the start of the study. These men performed five different physical tests at baseline: right-hand grip strength, left-hand grip strength, timed stand test, 6 m walking test (time and steps) and narrow walking test. During the first study year, we asked participants to fill out questionnaires regarding falls 4, 8 and 12 months after baseline. A total of 2969 men completed at least one questionnaire and were included in this study. We used generalised estimating equations and logarithmic regression models to estimate odds ratios for fallers and recurrent fallers (more than one fall during the one-year examination period) in each quartile of men for each physical test. Results: The proportions of fallers and recurrent fallers were higher in the lowest quartile of the physical tests than in the other three quartiles combined for all physical tests. A reduction of one standard deviation in respective physical test resulted in a 13–21% higher risk of becoming a faller and a 13–31% higher risk of becoming a recurrent faller. Conclusions: Low results on simple physical tests is a risk factor for incident falls in elderly Swedish men and may facilitate identification of high-risk individuals suitable for fall-intervention programs.
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- Damm, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and morbidity of neck pain: a cross-sectional study of 3000 elderly men
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-799X. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and morbidity of neck pain with or without cervical rhizopathy, upper extremity motor deficit and/or thoracolumbar pain in elderly men.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study of 3,000 community-dwelling older men with a mean age of 75.4 +/- 3.2 years (range 69-81) to determine if they had experienced neck pain with or without cervical rhizopathy/upper extremity motor deficit/thoracolumbar pain (yes/no) during the preceding 12 months, and if so, morbidity with the condition (no/minor/moderate/severe).ResultsAmong the participants, 865 (29%) reported they had experienced neck and 1,619 (54%) thoracolumbar pain. Among the men with neck pain, 59% had experienced only neck pain, 17% neck pain and cervical rhizopathy and 24% neck pain, rhizopathy and motor deficit. For men with only neck pain, the morbidity was severe in 13%, for men with neck pain and rhizopathy it was 24%, and for men with pain, rhizopathy and motor deficit it was 46% (p < 0.001). Among the men with neck pain, 23% had experienced only neck pain and no thoracolumbar pain; the remaining 77% had both neck and thoracolumbar pain. The morbidity was severe in 10% of the men with neck pain but no thoracolumbar pain and 30% in men with neck and thoracolumbar pain (p < 0.001).ConclusionNeck pain in elderly men is common but symptoms and morbidity vary. For men who only have neck pain, 1/8 rated their morbidity as severe, while almost half who also had cervical rhizopathy and motor deficit and almost 1/3 of those who also had thoracolumbar pain reported severe morbidity.
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| 8. |
- Grundberg, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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A TA-repeat polymorphism in the gene for the estrogen receptor alpha does not correlate with muscle strength or body composition in young adult Swedish women.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - 0378-5122. ; 50:3, s. 153-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: There are conflicting data in the literature whether estrogens affect muscle strength. Prospective studies with hormone replacement therapy have not been able to convincingly demonstrate a muscular effect and the putative role of estrogen in the development of lean body mass is not established. Both lean mass and fat mass are known to be under strong genetic control and therefore we have investigated the relation between a TA-repeat in the gene for the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and muscle strength and body composition. METHODS: 175 healthy Swedish women, aged 20-39 were randomly selected from the population registry and included in the study. Body mass measurements (lean mass, fat mass, body weight and BMI) and muscle strength (quadriceps, hamstring and grip strength) were evaluated. The TA-repeat in the ERalpha gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Alleles with a TA-repeat length of 16 repeats or shorter were denoted short (e), and repeat length of 17 repeats or longer were denoted long (E). Women homozygous for the short and long genotype were denoted ee (31%) and EE (21%), respectively, while heterozygous individuals were denoted Ee (48%). The frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No associations were found between ERalpha genotypes and muscle strength or body composition. CONCLUSION: The TA-repeat in the human ERalpha gene does not correlate with muscle strength or body mass measurements, indicating that body composition is not as sensitive to genetic variation in this receptor as other target organs for estrogen.
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| 9. |
- Grundberg, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the human vitamin D receptor is associated with muscle strength, fat mass and body weight in Swedish women
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 150:3, s. 323-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Bone mineral density (BMD) is under strong genetic control and a number of candidategenes have been associated with BMD. Both muscle strength and body weight are considered to beimportant predictors of BMD but far less is known about the genes affecting muscle strength andfat mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the poly adenosine (A) repeat and the BsmISNP in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in relation to muscle strength and body composition in healthywomen. Design: A population-based study of 175 healthy women aged 20–39 years was used. Methods: The polymorphic regions in the VDR gene (the poly A repeat and the BsmI SNP) were amplifiedby PCR. Body mass measurements (fat mass, lean mass, body weight and body mass index) andmuscle strength (quadriceps, hamstring and grip strength) were evaluated. Results: Individuals with shorter poly A repeat, ss and/or absence of the linked BsmI restriction site(BB) have higher hamstring strength (ss vs LL, P ¼ 0.02), body weight (ss vs LL, P ¼ 0.049) andfat mass (ss vs LL, P ¼ 0.04) compared with women with a longer poly A repeat (LL) and/or thepresence of the linked BsmI restriction site (bb). Conclusions: Genetic variation in the VDR is correlated with muscle strength, fat mass and bodyweight in premenopausal women. Further functional studies on the poly A microsatellite areneeded to elucidate whether this is the functionally relevant locus or if the polymorphism is in linkagedisequilibrium with a functional variant in a closely situated gene further downstream of the VDR30UTR.
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| 10. |
- Harvey, N. C., et al.
(författare)
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Greater pQCT Calf Muscle Density Is Associated with Lower Fracture Risk, Independent of FRAX, Falls and BMD: A Meta-Analysis in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: JBMR Plus. - : Wiley. - 2473-4039. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the predictive performance of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of both calf muscle density (an established surrogate for muscle adiposity, with higher values indicating lower muscle adiposity and higher muscle quality) and size (cross-sectional area [CSA]) for incident fracture. pQCT (Stratec XCT2000/3000) measurements at the tibia were undertaken in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) United States (US), Hong Kong (HK), and Swedish (SW) cohorts. Analyses were by cohort and synthesized by meta-analysis. The predictive value for incident fracture outcomes, illustrated here for hip fracture (HF), using an extension of Poisson regression adjusted for age and follow-up time, was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in exposure (HR/SD). Further analyses adjusted for femoral neck (fn) bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) 10-year fracture probability (major osteoporotic fracture) and prior falls. We studied 991 (US), 1662 (HK), and 1521 (SW) men, mean +/- SD age 77.0 +/- 5.1, 73.9 +/- 4.9, 80 +/- 3.4 years, followed for a mean +/- SD 7.8 +/- 2.2, 8.1 +/- 2.3, 5.3 +/- 2.0 years, with 31, 47, and 78 incident HFs, respectively. Both greater muscle CSA and greater muscle density were associated with a lower risk of incident HF [HR/SD: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.0 and 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91, respectively]. The pattern of associations was not materially changed by adjustment for prior falls or FRAX probability. In contrast, after inclusion of fn BMD T-score, the association for muscle CSA was no longer apparent (1.04; 95% CI, 0.88-1.24), whereas that for muscle density was not materially changed (0.69; 95% CI, 0.59-0.82). Findings were similar for osteoporotic fractures. pQCT measures of greater calf muscle density and CSA were both associated with lower incidence of fractures in older men, but only muscle density remained an independent risk factor for fracture after accounting for fn BMD. These findings demonstrate a complex interplay between measures of bone, muscle size, and quality, in determining fracture risk. (C) 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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