| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
|
|
| 2. |
- Boonstra, Wiebren J., et al.
(författare)
-
What are the major global threats and impacts in marine environments? Investigating the contours of a shared perception among marine scientists from the bottom-up.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 60, s. 197-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine scientists broadly agree on which major processes influence the sustainability of marine environments worldwide. Recent studies argue that such shared perceptions crucially shape scientific agendas and are subject to a confirmation bias. Based on these findings a more explicit engagement with scientists' (shared) perceptions of global change in marine environments is called for. This paper takes stock of the shared understanding in marine science of the most pertinent, worldwide threats and impacts that currently affect marine environments. Using results from an email survey among leading academics in marine science this article explores if a shared research agenda in relation to global change in marine environments exists. The analysis demonstrates that marine scientists across disciplines are largely in agreement on some common features of global marine change. Nevertheless, the analysis also highlights where natural and social scientists diverge in their assessment. The article ends discussing what these findings imply for further improvement of interdisciplinary marine science.
|
|
| 3. |
- Niiranen, Susa, et al.
(författare)
-
Global connectivity and cross-scale interactions create uncertainty for Blue Growth of Arctic fisheries
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 87, s. 321-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arctic faces high expectations of Blue Growth due to future projections of easier access and increased biological productivity. These expectations are, however, often based on global and regional climate change projections and largely ignore the complexity of social-ecological interactions taking place across different temporal and spatial scales. This paper illustrates how such cross-scale interactions at, and across, different dimensions (e.g., ecological, socioeconomic and governance) can affect the development of Arctic fisheries; and potentially create uncertainties for future Blue Growth projections. Two Arctic marine systems, The Barents Sea and the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO), are used as focus areas. The former hosts productive fisheries and is mostly covered by the EEZs of Norway and Russia, while the latter is still mainly covered by sea-ice and is a high seas area with no multilevel governance system in place. The examples show that, both systems are affected by a number of processes, beyond the environmental change, spanning a wide range of dimensions, as well as spatial and temporal scales. To address the complexity of the Arctic marine systems calls for an increase in holistic scientific understanding together with adaptive management practices. This is particularly important in the CAO, where no robust regional management structures are in place. Recognizing how cross-scale dynamics can cause uncertainties to the current fisheries projections and implementing well-functioning adaptive management structures across different Arctic sub-systems can play a key role in whether the Blue Growth potential in Arctic fisheries is realized or lost.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bäck, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Walking the tightrope-perspectives on local politicians' role in implementing a national social care policy on evidence-based practice
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Systems. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1752-4458. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite national policy recommending evidence-based practice (EBP), its application in social care has been limited. While local politicians can affect the process, little is known about their knowledge, attitudes and roles regarding EBP. The aim here is twofold: to explore the role of local politicians in the implementation of EBP in social care from both their own and a management perspective; and to examine factors politicians perceive as affecting their decisions and actions concerning the implementation of EBP policy. Methods: Local politicians (N=13) and managers (N=22) in social care were interviewed. Qualitative thematic analysis with both inductive and deductive codes was used. Results: Politicians were rather uninformed regarding EBP and national policy. The factors limiting their actions were, beside the lack of awareness, lack of ability to question existing working methods, and a need for support in the steering of EBP. Thus, personal interest played a significant part in what role the politicians assumed. This resulted in some politicians taking a more active role in steering EBP while others were not involved. From the managers' perspective, a more active steering by politicians was desired. Setting budget and objectives, as well as active follow-up of work processes and outcomes, were identified as means to affect the implementation of EBP. However, the politicians seemed unaware of the facilitating effects of these actions. Conclusions: Local politicians had a possibility to facilitate the implementation of EBP, but their role was unclear. Personal interest played a big part in determining what role was taken. The results imply that social care politicians might need support in the development of their steering of EBP. Moving the responsibility for EBP facilitation upwards in the political structure could be an important step in developing EBP in social care.
|
|
| 5. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
|
|
| 6. |
- Schiele, Miriam A., et al.
(författare)
-
Therapygenetic effects of 5-HTTLPR on cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders : A meta-analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 44, s. 105-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a recurring debate on the role of the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the moderation of response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in anxiety disorders. Results, however, are still inconclusive. We here aim to perform a meta-analysis on the role of 5-HTTLPR in the moderation of CBT outcome in anxiety disorders. We investigated both categorical (symptom reduction of at least 50%) and dimensional outcomes from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up. Original data were obtained from ten independent samples (including three unpublished samples) with a total of 2,195 patients with primary anxiety disorder. No significant effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype on categorical or dimensional outcomes at post and follow-up were detected. We conclude that current evidence does not support the hypothesis of 5-HTTLPR as a moderator of treatment outcome for CBT in anxiety disorders. Future research should address whether other factors such as long-term changes or epigenetic processes may explain further variance in these complex gene-environment interactions and molecular-genetic pathways that may confer behavioral change following psychotherapy.
|
|
| 7. |
- von Thiele Schwarz, Ulrica, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Getting on the same page - Co-created program logic (COP
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Organizational interventions for health and well-being. - Oxon : Routledge. - 9781315410494 ; , s. 42-67
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In designing, implementing, and evaluating organizational interventions, program logic plays a central role as it outlines the core components of the intervention and links them to both proximal and distal outcomes. Also, central in the design, implementation, and evaluation of organizational interventions is the engagement of stakeholders across the organization (employees, managers, and specialists). Concrete tools are lacking for stakeholders to be engaged in the design of interventions and in defining criteria that can guide evaluation. This chapter outlines a structured process – the cocreated program logic (COP) process – for how organizational stakeholders can be involved in defining intervention goals and activities and thus forming the program logic together with interventionists (researchers or consultants). The program logic can then be used to guide the evaluation of the organizational intervention. The authors present two cases illustrating how the COP process has been used in their reserach. The chapter ends with lessons learned.
|
|
| 8. |
- Johnson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Engaging with the general public on critical raw materials through the medium of electronics repair workshops.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Product Lifetimes and the Environment (PLATE) 2019 Conference Proceedings. - 9783798331259 ; , s. 403-409
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The issue of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) and potential interruptions to their supply andavailability due to concerns such as shortages, trade restrictions or geopolitical considerations are topicsthat are relatively unknown to the general public. Education and the dissemination of this informationamongst the general public has been promoted as a key factor in addressing this and enabling thetransition towards a circular economy. By and large, the general public are unaware of the existence ofCRMs, their importance in our world and how they contributes to this issue. Educating people aboutthese issues is one way to redress this shortcoming in modern society.Electronic repair events, repair cafés and repair workshops have been gaining momentum at nationaland international level as a means of addressing the perceived waste inherent in the current linearconsumption model. Repair events have existed for quite some time throughout Europe and around theworld. When considered in conjunction with the problem of CRM education, they provide an innovativeand novel platform for the dissemination of knowledge and the education of the general public on CRMissues.However, at present electronic repair events and workshops lack the capacity or knowledgebase toeducate the public about complex issues such as CRMs and their importance. Raw Engagement forElectronics Repair (REFER) is a KIC Raw Materials project that seeks to address this gap and useplatforms such as electronic repair workshops to educate the general public and the wider society aboutCRMs through engagement in such events.The project will host 60 Restarter Party events across 6 different E.U. member states, engaging with upto 6,000 members of the general public directly on matters of repair, re-use and CRM importance. A setof educational resources has been developed to support these engagements and related referrals throughsocial media, word-of-mouth and website interactions.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Tafvelin, Susanne, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Leader-team perceptual distance affects outcomes of leadership training : Examining safety leadership and follower safety self-efficacy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 120, s. 25-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether leaders and their teams agree or not on perceptions of leadership has been found to impact follower well-being and performance. Less is known about how agreements or disagreements play a role in relation to safety and leadership training. The present study examined the effects of leaders’ and followers’ perceptual distance on safety leadership prior to a leadership safety training. Forty-eight leaders and a total of 211 followers from the paper industry completed surveys before and after training. Polynomial regression with response surface analyses revealed that the agreement between leaders and their followers regarding safety leadership before training was positively related to training outcomes including safety leadership and followers’ safety self-efficacy. Line managers who overrated themselves on safety leadership before training had less favorable training outcomes. Our findings suggest that 360-degree feedback may not be sufficient for motivating leaders to change their behaviors during leadership training.
|
|
