| 1. |
- Andreasson, Håkan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Proof of the cosmic no-hair conjecture in the T-3-Gowdy symmetric Einstein-Vlasov setting
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Mathematical Society. - : EMS Publishing House. - 1435-9855 .- 1435-9863. ; 18:7, s. 1565-1650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The currently preferred models of the universe undergo accelerated expansion induced by dark energy. One model for dark energy is a positive cosmological constant. It is consequently of interest to study Einstein's equations with a positive cosmological constant coupled to matter satisfying the ordinary energy conditions: the dominant energy condition etc. Due to the difficulty of analysing the behaviour of solutions to Einstein's equations in general, it is common to either study situations with symmetry, or to prove stability results. In the present paper, we do both. In fact, we analyse, in detail, the future asymptotic behaviour of T-3-Gowdy symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov equations with a positive cosmological constant. In particular, we prove the cosmic no-hair conjecture in this setting. However, we also prove that the solutions are future stable (in the class of all solutions). Some of the results hold in a more general setting. In fact, we obtain conclusions concerning the causal structure of T-2-symmetric solutions, assuming only the presence of a positive cosmological constant, matter satisfying various energy conditions and future global existence. Adding the assumption of T-3-Gowdy symmetry to this list of requirements, we obtain C-0-estimates for all but one of the metric components. There is consequently reason to expect that many of the results presented in this paper can be generalised to other types of matter.
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| 2. |
- Ringström, Hans, 1972-
(författare)
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A Unified Approach to the Klein-Gordon Equation on Bianchi Backgrounds
- 2019
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Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - : SPRINGER. - 0010-3616 .- 1432-0916. ; 372:2, s. 599-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation on Bianchi backgrounds. In particular, we are interested in the asymptotic behaviour of solutions in the direction of silent singularities. The main conclusion is that, for a given solution u to the Klein-Gordon equation, there are smooth functions u(i), i = 0, 1, on the Lie group under consideration, such that u(sigma) (. , sigma) - u(1) and u(. , sigma) - u(1)sigma - u(0) asymptotically converge to zero in the direction of the singularity (where s is a geometrically defined time coordinate such that the singularity corresponds to sigma -> -infinity). Here u(i), i = 0, 1, should be thought of as data on the singularity. Interestingly, it is possible to prove that the asymptotics are of this form for a large class of Bianchi spacetimes. Moreover, the conclusion applies for singularities that arematter dominated; singularities that are vacuum dominated; and even when the asymptotics of the underlying Bianchi spacetime are oscillatory. To summarise, there seems to be a universality as far as the asymptotics in the direction of silent singularities are concerned. In fact, it is tempting to conjecture that as long as the singularity of the underlying Bianchi spacetime is silent, then the asymptotics of solutions are as described above. In order to contrast the above asymptotics with the non-silent setting, we, by appealing to known results, provide a complete asymptotic characterisation of solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation on a flat Kasner background. In that setting, us does, generically, not converge.
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| 3. |
- Ringström, Hans, 1972-
(författare)
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Linear Systems Of Wave Equations On Cosmological Backgrounds With Convergent Asymptotics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astérisque. - : SOC MATHEMATIQUE FRANCE. - 0303-1179 .- 2492-5926. ; :420, s. V-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subject of the book is linear systems of wave equations on cosmological backgrounds with convergent asymptotics. The condition of convergence corresponds to the requirement that the second fundamental form, when suitably normalized, converges. The model examples are the Kasner solutions. The main result of the article is optimal energy estimates. However, we also derive asymptotics and demonstrate that the leading order asymptotics can be specified (also in situations where the asymptotics are not convergent). It is sometimes argued that if the factors multiplying the spatial derivatives decay exponentially (for a system of wave equations), then the spatial derivatives can be ignored. This line of reasoning is incorrect: we give examples of equations such that 1) the factors multiplying the spatial derivatives decay exponentially, 2) the factors multiplying the time derivatives are constants, 3) the energies of individual modes of solutions asymptotically decay exponentially, and 4) the energies of generic solutions grow as exp[exp(t)] as t -> infinity. When the factors multiplying the spatial derivatives grow exponentially, the Fourier modes of solutions oscillate with a frequency that grows exponentially. To obtain asymptotics, we fix a mode and consider the net evolution over one period. Moreover, we replace the evolution (over one period) with a matrix multiplication. We cannot calculate the matrices explicitly, but we approximate them. To obtain the asymptotics we need to calculate a matrix product where there is no bound on the number of factors, and where each factor can only be approximated. Nevertheless, we obtain detailed asymptotics. In fact, it is possible to isolate an overall behavior (growth/decay) from the (increasingly violent) oscillatory behavior. Moreover, we are also in a position to specify the leading order asymptotics.
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