| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Climatic barriers to soft-mobility in winter : Lulea, Sweden as case study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Sustainable cities and society. - : Elsevier. - 2210-6707. ; 35, s. 574-580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban form can moderate the effects of weather on human movement. As such, the interrelationship between built environment, weather and human movement is a critical component of urban design. This paper explores the impacts of weather on non-motorised human movement (soft-mobility). Throughout we look at soft-mobility from the citizen’s perspective and highlight the barriers to soft-mobility in winter.The aim of this study was to test the traditional pallet of winter city urban design considerations. Those of solar-access, wind and snow management and explore other weather and terrain conditions that act as barriers to soft-mobility in winter. This study is based on survey responses from 344 citizens in the sub-arctic area of Sweden. Outcomes from the research highlight that rain, icy surfaces and darkness are today’s most significant barriers to soft-mobility in winter.Results from this study link changing barriers to soft-mobility in winter with climate change. The paper concludes that future urban design and planning for winter cities needs to consider a wider pallet of weather conditions, especially rain.
|
|
| 4. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Updating Winter: The Importance Of Climate-Sensitive Urban Design For Winter Settlements
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Arctic Yearbook. - : Northern Research Forum ; University of the Arctic Thematic Network (TN) on Geopolitics and Security. - 2298-2418.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores winter settlement urban design principles to begin to identify climate related conditions that are affecting soft mobility (walking and cycling) in these communities.Winter communities have evolved lifestyles and means that fit with working and living with local conditions and seasonal variations. With climate change, however, comes evolving weather’s that these communities need to adapt too. These changes may present new risks and unexpected challenges to outdoor soft mobility in the community.Public policy highlights physical inactivity as a major health concern. For these communities, winter has always limited outdoor soft-mobility. Here, we understand that in winter outdoor activity can be reduced by weather and fear of accidents.People’s understanding of the barriers and enablers to soft mobility are also often based on experience and ability to detect environmental clues. To help winter communities maximise the opportunities for outdoor soft mobility and the wellbeing benefits this can bring, built environments need to be designed with an understanding of climate change. This study explores barriers and enablers to soft mobility in winter and discusses them in light of climate change and human wellbeing. It is argued that established principles of urban design may require re-evaluation if we want to increase outdoor soft mobility in winter. Increases in physical activity could help reduce costs and pressures on health services by creating safer and more walkable communities. The paper concludes by suggesting that communities should focus on more context based winter urban design principles that account for ongoing climate change.
|
|
| 5. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-
(författare)
-
Urban design of winter cities : Winter season connectivity for soft mobility
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All across the world the form of the built environment is playing a crucial role as enabler or inhibitor for urban outdoor activity such as soft mobility. Urban form can make it more attractive for people to be mobile outdoors and playing a role in the public life, or it can put people off venturing outside. For winter cities, a question for urban design is how we can design environments that are attractive for outdoor activity in the winter season as well as summer and additionally how will climate change influence these aspects.The reason for studying this is the importance of understanding how, in relation to urban form, weather, seasonal variations, and climate change influences human outdoor activity. In this study the focus on outdoor activity is problematised around the concern that people spend a low percentage of their time outdoors in winter conditions. For society, the problem is that this trend and the related low levels of physical activity are associated with a range of health issues.To study this the main question for this research is what attracts and hinders soft mobility during the winter season and how can this knowledge underpin new considerations about urban design for connectivity in winter cities? To address this, the research methods focused on document studies, surveys, mental mapping, photo elicitation and semi-structured discussions.The study works at three scientific levels. Firstly, it seeks to understand the interrelationship between the built environment and people’s outdoor activity in winter. Secondly, it attempts to understand how connectivity for soft mobility in winter is being affected by weather and climate change. Thirdly, it seeks new ways of thinking about how the urban form can be designed to increase outdoor soft mobility in winter.The discussion and conclusions focused on the argument that in winter settlements, the winter season can alter spatial patterns and settlement organisation. Here it was argued that in these settlements the winter season can be an aspect of urban morphology and can be part of the process of shaping the public realm and its connectivity for soft mobility in winter.
|
|
| 6. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Winter City Urbanism : Enabling All Year Connectivity for Soft Mobility
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores connectivity for soft mobility in the winter season. Working with residents from the sub-arctic city of Luleå, Sweden, the research examines how the interaction between the built environment and winter season affects people’s use of the outdoor environment. The research questions for this study are, 1) how do residents perceive the effects of winter on an areas spatial structure and pattern of streets and pathways? and 2) what enablers and barriers impact resident soft mobility choices and use of the public realm in winter? Methods used were mental mapping and photo elicitation exercises. These were used to gain a better understanding of people’s perception of soft mobility in winter. The results were analysed to identify how soft mobility is influenced by the winter season. The discussion highlights that at the neighbourhood scale, residents perceive that the winter alters an areas spatial structure and pattern of streets and pathways. It was also seen to reduce ease of understanding of the public realm and townscape. In conclusion, it is argued that new and re-tooled town planning strategies, such as extending blue/ green infrastructure planning to include white space could help better enable all year outdoor activity in winter cities.
|
|
| 7. |
- Çidik, Mustafa Selçuk, et al.
(författare)
-
How Does ‘Locality’ Matter in Enabling a Circular Built Environment?: A Focus on Space, Knowledge, and Cities
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. 251-261
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a growing interest in understanding and using local knowledge, resources, and stakeholders to achieve tailored and effective circular solutions in the built environment. Although the importance of clear centralised guidance and regulations are emphasised in the existing literature, there is also an emerging acknowledgement that understanding the ‘local context’ will be key to achieving tailored solutions that can effectively work in practice. However, there is a lack of discussion around the meaning and significance of ‘locality’ in terms of circularity solutions in the built environment. This discussion paper introduces space (both physical and social) and knowledge as two key aspects of ‘locality’ for enabling effective circular solutions in the built environment. Further, it argues that the cities can be seen as the locus of circular economy because of their role in localising space and knowledge. Thus, the paper enables a starting point to structure research towards an improved understanding of (i) the role of space and knowledge co-production for a circular built environment, (ii) the relevant local stakeholders, as well as (iii) city-level governance of locality in supporting a circular built environment.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ebrahimabadi, Saeed, et al.
(författare)
-
Microclimate assessment method for urban design – A case study in subarctic climate
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Urban Design International. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1357-5317 .- 1468-4519. ; 23:2, s. 116-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in climate-sensitive urban design has grown in recent decades. Nevertheless, there are various difficulties associated with such an approach. One of these is the lack of simple comfort assessment tools. This paper presents a method for microclimate assessment that is composed of a wind comfort analysis and a microclimate assessment based on measuring a combination of solar access and wind velocity. The study includes analysis of a proposed urban project situated in Kiruna, a Swedish town located in the subarctic region of the country. The results from the simulations were then overlaid to produce combined microclimate maps for three specific dates: winter solstice, spring equinox and summer solstice. The maps illustrate relative microclimate differences between areas in the proposed project based on combinations of wind/lee and sun/shadow conditions. The outcomes showed that only a small proportion of the area studied had favourable microclimate conditions at the winter solstice and spring equinox. The thermal comfort Index OUT_SET* was calculated for the summer solstice in the study area. Comparisons between the spatial distribution of OUT_SET* values and the microclimate assessment map showed a large degree of correlation. The method is intended to be a simple and representative evaluation of microclimate.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Katsou, Evina, et al.
(författare)
-
Transformation tools enabling the implementation of nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Blue-Green Systems. - : IWA Publishing. - 2617-4782. ; 2:1, s. 188-213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The linear pattern of production-consumption-disposal of cities around the world will continue to increase the emission of pollutants and stocks of waste, as well as to impact on the irreversible deterioration of non-renewable stocks of raw materials. A transition towards a circular pattern proposed by the concept of 'Circular Cities' is gaining momentum. As part of this urban transition, the emergent use of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) intends to shift public opinion and utilize technology to mitigate the urban environmental impact. In this paper, an analysis of the current research and practical investments for implementing NBS under the umbrella of Circular Cities is conducted. A combined appraisal of the latest literature and a survey of ongoing and completed National-European research and development projects provides an overview of the current enabling tools, methodologies, and initiatives for public engagement. It also identifies and describes the links between facilitators and barriers with respect to existing policies and regulations, public awareness and engagement, and scientific and technological instruments. The paper concludes introducing the most promising methods, physical and digital technologies that may lead the way to Sustainable Circular Cities. The results of this research provide useful insight for citizens, scientists, practitioners, investors, policy makers, and strategists to channel efforts on switching from a linear to a circular thinking for the future of cities.
|
|
