| 1. |
- Eckerström, Marie, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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High Prevalence of Stress and Low Prevalence of Alzheimer Disease CSF Biomarkers in a Clinical Sample with Subjective Cognitive Impairment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 42:1-2, s. 93-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) is a trigger for seeking health care in a possible preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the characteristics of SCI need clarification. We investigated the prevalence of psychosocial stress, depressive symptoms and CSF AD biomarkers in SCI and MCI (mild cognitive impairment). Methods: Memory clinic patients (SCI: n = 90; age: 59.8 ± 7.6 years; MCI: n = 160; age: 63.7 ± 7.0 years) included in the Gothenburg MCI study were examined at baseline. Variables were analyzed using logistic regression with SCI as dependent variable. Results: Stress was more prevalent in SCI (51.1%) than MCI (23.1%); p < 0.0005. SCI patients had more previous depressive symptoms (p = 0.006), but showed no difference compared to MCI patients considering current depressive symptoms. A positive CSF AD profile was present in 14.4% of SCI patients and 35.0% of MCI patients (p = 0.001). Stress (p = 0.002), previous stress/depressive symptoms (p = 0.006) and a negative CSF AD profile (p = 0.036) predicted allocation to the SCI group. Conclusion: Psychosocial stress is more prevalent in SCI than previously acknowledged. The high prevalence and long-term occurrence of stress/depressive symptoms in SCI in combination with a low prevalence of altered CSF AD biomarkers strengthens the notion that AD is not the most likely etiology of SCI.
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| 2. |
- Rolstad, Sindre, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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All cognitive systems but speed and visuospatial functions reduce the effect of CSF pathology on other systems.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Alzheimer research. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1567-2050 .- 1875-5828. ; 9:9, s. 1043-1049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of reserve can be conceived as differences in the ability to compensate for pathology by recruiting additional or alternative networks. The purpose of this study was to examine whether certain cognitive systems may compensate for the effect of CSF amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and total tau (T-tau) on other cognitive systems. Five hundred and nine participants underwent neuropsychological examination and lumbar puncture. Multiple regression was performed with interaction terms to test whether a cognitive system reduced the impact of CSF pathology on other systems. All cognitive systems except speed and visuospatial functions were associated with reduced effects of T-tau and Aβ42 on semantic memory, working memory and visuospatial abilities. The burden of Aβ42 was reduced more often than that of T-tau. Our results suggest that most cognitive systems may be beneficial to maintenance of cognitive performance despite CSF burden. The results support the notion of cognitive reserve.
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| 3. |
- Rolstad, Sindre, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Amyloid-β₄₂ is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy elderly and subjective cognitive impairment.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disorder. - 1387-2877. ; 26:1, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to predict cognitive performance on the basis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers total tau (T-tau) and amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) in controls and patients at various impairment levels. Previous studies have found an association of CSF T-tau levels with cognitive symptoms, but it has been difficult to relate Aβ to cognition, and it has thus been hypothesized that Aβ reaches a plateau level prior to cognitive symptoms. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was subjected to factor analysis to yield aggregated cognitive domains. Linear regression models were performed for the total sample of the Gothenburg MCI study (n = 435) and for each level of impairment. Aβ42 and T-tau accounted for a significant proportion of performance in all cognitive domains in the total sample. In controls (n = 60) and patients with subjective cognitive impairment (n = 105), Aβ42 predicted a significant proportion of semantic and working memory performance. For patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 170), T-tau had the most pronounced impact across cognitive domains, and more specifically on episodic memory, visuospatial, and speed/executive performance. For patients with dementia (n = 100), the most pronounced impacts of Aβ42 were found in episodic memory and visuospatial functioning, while T-tau was substantially associated with episodic memory. Our results suggest that cognition is related to CSF biomarkers regardless of impairment level. Aβ42 is associated with cognitive functions from a potentially early to a later disease phase, and T-tau is more indicative of performance in a later disease phase.
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| 4. |
- Rolstad, Sindre, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers mirror rate of cognitive decline.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 34:4, s. 949-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to predict future decline in cognitive systems using the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers 42 amino acid form of amyloid-β (Aβ42) and total tau (T-tau) is not fully understood. In a clinical sample ranging from cognitively healthy to dementia (n = 326), linear regression models were performed in order to investigate the ability of CSF biomarkers to predict cognitive decline in all cognitive domains from baseline to 2-year follow-up. Gender, age, and years of education were included as covariates. In patients with subjective cognitive impairment, T-tau had a small impact on executive functions (r2 = 0.07). T-tau had a small to moderate influence (r2 = 0.06-0.11) on all cognitive functions with the exception of visuospatial functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In patients with dementia, the impact of T-tau was large (r2 = 0.29) on semantic memory. Aβ42 had a small effect (r2 = 0.07) on speed and executive functions in MCI. In patients with dementia, Aβ42 had a moderate influence (r2 = 0.13-0.24) on semantic and verbal working memory/fluency. Our results speak in favor of the notion that CSF biomarkers reflect the rate of cognitive decline across the continuum of cognitive impairment from healthy to dementia. CSF predicted subsequent decline in more cognitive domains among MCI cases, but the impact was most pronounced in patients with dementia.
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| 5. |
- Rolstad, Sindre, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Differential Impact of Neurofilament Light Subunit on Cognition and Functional Outcome in Memory Clinic Patients with and without Vascular Burden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 45:3, s. 873-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neurofilament light (NF-L) subunit is mainly expressed in large-caliber myelinated axons, and elevated concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are correlated with damage to white matter and subcortical regions. Because the correlation between NF-L and cognition and functional impairment is largely unknown, we investigated associations in patients (n = 622) with (n = 199) and without (n = 423) vascular burden in subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, n = 168), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 261), and dementia (n = 193). Patients were staged according to disease severity and the presence/absence of cerebrovascular disease. CSF amyloid-beta(1-42) (A beta(1-42))was included in all models due to its concomitant influence on vascular and primary etiology. Linear regression was used to assess associations between NF-L and A beta(1-42) and five cognitive domains of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery as well as with functional impairment using the Clinical Dementia Rating. Changes in these outcomes at the 2-year follow-up were also evaluated. In SCI and MCI patients with vascular burden, higher NF-L concentrations were associated with baseline cognitive performance (beta = -0.38 to -0.58) and executive decline (beta = -0.44). Lower A beta(1-42) levels were associated with worse cognitive performance in dementia (beta = 0.46 to 0.51). In MCI and dementia patients without vascular burden, higher NF-L (beta = -0.30 to -0.34) and lower A beta(1-42) concentrations (beta = 0.30) were associated with reduced cognitive performance. Higher NF-L concentrations (beta = -0.26) were associated with functional decline in patients with vascular burden. CSF NF-L is associated with cognition in patients with and without vascular etiology. These associations were greater in pre-dementia phases in those with vascular etiology and vice versa in those without vascular burden.
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