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- Babor, T., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol : No Ordinary Commodity – a summary of the second edition
- 2010
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 105:5, s. 769-779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes the contents of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity (2nd edn). The first part of the book describes why alcohol is not an ordinary commodity, and reviews epidemiological data that establish alcohol as a major contributor to the global burden of disease, disability and death in high-, middle- and low-income countries. This section also documents how international beer and spirits production has been consolidated recently by a small number of global corporations that are expanding their operations in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. In the second part of the book, the scientific evidence for strategies and interventions that can prevent or minimize alcohol-related harm is reviewed critically in seven key areas: pricing and taxation, regulating the physical availability of alcohol, modifying the drinking context, drink-driving countermeasures, restrictions on marketing, education and persuasion strategies, and treatment and early intervention services. Finally, the book addresses the policy-making process at the local, national and international levels and provides ratings of the effectiveness of strategies and interventions from a public health perspective. Overall, the strongest, most cost-effective strategies include taxation that increases prices, restrictions on the physical availability of alcohol, drink-driving countermeasures, brief interventions with at risk drinkers and treatment of drinkers with alcohol dependence.
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| 4. |
- Demers, A., et al.
(författare)
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The Kettil Bruun Society for Social and Epidemiological Research on Alcohol
- 2004
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Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 99:2, s. 161-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Kettil Bruun Society for Social and Epidemiological Research on Alcohol (KBS) was established in 1987 and is an independent organization open to all scientists working on problems related to social and epidemiological research on alcohol. The aim of the Society is to promote social and epidemiological research which fosters a comparative understanding of the social aspects of alcohol use and alcohol problems. In line with this the Society also aims at promoting a spirit of international collaboration. The Kettil Bruun Society is based on individual membership and, by 2003, has 197 fully paid-up members, representing 34 different countries over five continents. The main activities include an annual meeting as well as thematic meetings. In these meetings, discussions are emphasized by having precirculated papers and assigned discussants. The KBS also serves as a basis for organizing international collaborative projects. Project meetings or work-shops are often organized around the annual meetings, and the projects tend to run over several years. The Society's primary influence is through the mutual influence of its members on each others' thinking, the work of the projects that KBS sponsors and the influence its members have collectively on the development of the field.
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| 6. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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The share of violence attributable to drinking
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 6:4, s. 218-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While analysts have differed on whether alcohol causes crime, the differences primarily reflect varying definitions of causation. At a population level, more drinking tends to lead to more violence, and less drinking to less. Estimates of the fraction of violence attributable to alcohol have been based both on individual-level and on population-level data. At the individual level, there seem to be cultural differences in the proportion of violent episodes involving drinking, although it is difficult to determine what proportion of these episodes should be attributed to alcohol. At the aggregate level, there are clear variations between different drinking cultures in the fraction of violence attributable to drinking, with the proportion higher in northern and eastern than in southern Europe. These cultural differences underline that there is no single invariant attributable fraction for alcohol's role in violence. The advantages and disadvantages of further individual- and aggregate-level studies are discussed. Suggestions are made for future lines of research on the connection between drinking and violence.
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| 7. |
- Rossow, I., et al.
(författare)
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The share of violence attributable to drinking : what do we need to know and what research is needed?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Alcohol & Crime: Research and Practice for Prevention. - Washington, DC : National Crime Prevention Council. ; , s. 41-54
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One source of the controversy about the causal nature of alcohol in violent crime has been the definition of "cause." Some researchers require that, in order to be considered causal, the presence of alcohol must be necessary and sufficient in order for a violent crime to occur. This article suggests it is more reasonable to consider the epidemiology of violence in the same way one would consider the epidemiology of disease. For example, while smoking is a causal factor in the occurrence of lung cancer, not all smokers get lung cancer and not all lung cancer victims are smokers. In the same way, not all violent crimes involve alcohol and not all people under the influence of alcohol commit violent crimes. However, ample evidence exists that more drinking tends to result in more violence and less drinking in less violence. The article concludes, however, that too much attention to exact estimates of the relationship between alcohol and violence may only divert attention from the more important issue of how to prevent alcohol-related violence. A detailed understanding of causal pathways and potential points of intervention that can be used in preventing violence is needed to make a difference in the rate of alcohol-related violence. Table, bibliography
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