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- de Alwis, Pahansen, 1980-
(författare)
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On Evaluation of Working Conditions aboard High-Performance Marine Craft
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High-Performance Marine Craft (HPMC) is a complex system confronted by the stochastic nature of the waves challenging the safety of life at sea. The personnel aboard these craft are vulnerable to detrimental conditions, in fact, limiting the system’s performance evoking the significance of the Human Factors Integration (HFI) in the design and operation of these craft. The risks related to the work environments at sea have inadequately been investigated. A consistently identified fact is that the exposure to work environments containing vibration and repeated shock elevates the risk of adverse effects on human health and performance. In the event that the exposure risk is known, the situation can be managed by the operators and the legislated health and safety demands can be achieved by the employer. Moreover, when quantification of the exposure-effect relationships is potential, human factors, in terms of health and performance, can be integrated into HPMC design and operation. However, the knowledge is limited about the adverse health and performance effects among the High-Performance Marine Craft Personnel (HPMCP), the factors causing theses effects and their relationships.The thesis presents a holistic approach for the integration of human factors, in terms of health and performance, into HPMC design and operation. A research program has been designed branching the design and operational requirements of HPMC concerning HFI. A method is introduced for a real-time crew feedback system, which monitors and characterizes vibration and shock conditions aboard HPMC, enabling determination of the risk of acute injuries due to the high-intensity instantaneous impact exposure and the acquired risk of adverse health and performance effects due to the accumulated vibration exposure. This brings forth the requirement of epidemiological studies in order to strengthen the exposure-effect relationships. Therefore, web-based questionnaire tools are developed, validated and pilot tested for cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation of health and performance in HPMCP. The work exposure is measured aboard HPMC in terms of vibration and investigated in relation to the adverse health and performance event onsets, and the ride perception of the personnel aboard.The introduced method for the real-time crew feedback is capable of informing the exposure risk in terms of human health and performance. The questionnaire tools are feasible for epidemiologically surveying HPMCP and similar populations providing data for investigating adverse health and performance effects, risk factors and their relationships. Promising trends are observed between the quantified work exposure and the health and performance onsets, and the human perception.The work will be continued to identify the exposure-effect relationships facilitating better use of the existing standards, supporting ongoing development of the existing standards and providing information to draw appropriate design and operational limits in rules and regulations.
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| 5. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-support for a sustainable regional water supply management
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 10th Nordic Drinking Water Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The provision of a safe drinking water is of primary importance in society and a prerequisite for public health and economic development. In order to secure a long-term, safe and reliable supply of drinking water, and to ensure a comprehensive and integrated water planning, the development of regional water supply plans is increasingly requested in Sweden. To implement the plans, the water utilities, regional planners and politicians need to make several complex decisions and prioritize between multifaceted strategic measures. There are, however, very few decision support tools adapted for water supply management on the regional level to aid the decision makers. In order to achieve a sustainable drinking water supply, socio-economic effects need to be carefully considered. Hence, this study focuses on the development of a decision support framework for assessing socioeconomic effects of strategic decisions and alternative water supply measures by adapting costbenefit analysis (CBA) and economic valuation techniques to a long-term and regional perspective. The Gothenburg region, with its newly presented regional water supply plan, serves as a case study for which five alternative measures are evaluated: (1) centralization of water supply production; (2) centralization of water supply organization; (3) shift of the main raw water intake from the river Göta älv, a raw water source exposed to a high contamination risk, to the cleaner water of lake Vänern; (4) maximization of groundwater usage; and (5) increased number of raw water resources. The effects of each alternative are identified through literature reviews, stakeholder workshops and dialogues with experts and policy makers. To assess the non-market costs and benefits of the alternative strategies, the benefit transfer method is used for adapting estimates from national and international valuation studies to the Gothenburg region. The monetized costs and benefits are then used to set up a longrun CBA to identify the best strategy from a social welfare perspective. The net present values (NPVs) of the alternative measures are estimated for three different discount rates (constant rates of 1.4 % and 3.5 % as well as a declining discount rate) and two different time periods (ranging to 2050 and 2100). Uncertainties concerning the NPVs are analyzed by means of statistical simulation (Monte Carlo), accounting for uncertainties in input data. For the Gothenburg region, the results show the effect of the various strategies and give a direct guidance on which measures are most favorable from a cost-benefit perspective. The case study results are then used to design a general decision support framework that allows for non-market valuations and economic and ecological tradeoffs under uncertainty, a novelty on the regional scale. In conclusion, it is expected that the results of this study will provide decision makers and regional planners with a framework of tools to improve their ability to make well-informed decisions and to ensure the society a safe and reliable water supply for generations to come.
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| 6. |
- Söder, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of ship roll damping through full scale and model scale experiments and semi-empirical methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Contemporary Ideas on Ship Stability. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030005160 ; 119, s. 177-190
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents unique experimental set-ups in model scale and fullscale for evaluating roll damping properties of a Panamax Pure Car and Truck Carrierat speed. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for the assessment of rolldamping based on full scale trials and to validate the use of roll damping derivedfrom model tests for full scale vessels. Experimental data are also used to assess asemi-empirical method that today provides input for the prediction of critical rollingevents such as parametric rolling and severe rolling motions in general.
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- Zu, Marion, et al.
(författare)
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Specifying Seakeeping Criteria for Efficient Task Performance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings 15th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures PRADS 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining the operability of a vessel is a critical task for the naval architect since it provides valuable information for vessel owners and operators on the vessel’s performance. This task requires a seakeeping analysis and a set of seakeeping criteria to evaluate predicted vessel motions. These seakeeping criteria link the performance and safety of the crew and vessel to operability. Existing seakeeping criteria (e.g., NORDFORSK, NATO STANAG 4154) are specified for certain vessel types and not applicable to different tasks and operational activities aboard work vessels such as pilot boats, ocean research vessels, dredgers, pipe laying crane vessels. Being relatively small in size, these work vessels are susceptible to the perils of waves, yielding motion responses that can degrade crew performance. This paper proposes a framework for specifying seakeeping criteria for efficient task performance, focusing primarily on the effects of motions on the crew and system performance. Findings from preliminary interviews with some crew at the Swedish Maritime Administration and the Swedish Sea Rescue Society align with the literature on the effects of motions on crew performance, including motion-induced interruptions, motion-induced fatigue, motion sickness, and effects on motor skills and perception. These findings from the interviews are used in a case study to demonstrate the approach of the proposed framework. The proposed framework refines further and adds to the established structure of the traditional seakeeping assessment since it captures, in addition, the effect of motions on crew performance.
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