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- Rosén, P, et al.
(författare)
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The complementary power of pH and lake-water organic carbon reconstructions for discerning the influences on surface waters across decadal to millennial time scales
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 8, s. 2717-2727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lysevatten, a lake in southwest Sweden, has experienced both acidification and recent changes in the amount of lake-water organic carbon (TOC), both causing concern across Europe and North America. A range of paleolimnological tools – diatom-inferred pH, inferred lake-water TOC from visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIRS), multielement geochemistry and pollen analysis, combined with geochemical modeling were used to reconstruct the lake’s chemistry and surroundings back to the most recent deglaciation 12 500 years ago. The results reveal that the recent anthropogenic impacts are similar in magnitude to the longterm variation driven by natural catchment changes and early agricultural land use occurring over centuries and millennia. The combined reconstruction of both lake-water TOC and lithogenic element delivery can explain the major changes in lake-water pH and modeled acid neutralizing capacity during the past 12 500 years. The results raise important questions regarding what precisely comprises “reference” conditions (i.e., free from human impacts) as defined in the European Water Framework Directive.
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| 4. |
- Benatar, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis : insights from pre-symptomatic neurodegenerative diseases
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 145:1, s. 27-44
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant progress has been made in understanding the pre-symptomatic phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. While much is still unknown, advances in other neurodegenerative diseases offer valuable insights. Indeed, it is increasingly clear that the well-recognized clinical syndromes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal muscular atrophy and frontotemporal dementia are also each preceded by a pre-symptomatic or prodromal period of varying duration, during which the underlying disease process unfolds, with associated compensatory changes and loss of inherent system redundancy. Key insights from these diseases highlight opportunities for discovery in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The development of biomarkers reflecting amyloid and tau has led to a shift in defining Alzheimer's disease based on inferred underlying histopathology. Parkinson's disease is unique among neurodegenerative diseases in the number and diversity of non-genetic biomarkers of pre-symptomatic disease, most notably REM sleep behaviour disorder. Huntington's disease benefits from an ability to predict the likely timing of clinically manifest disease based on age and CAG-repeat length alongside reliable neuroimaging markers of atrophy. Spinal muscular atrophy clinical trials have highlighted the transformational value of early therapeutic intervention, and studies in frontotemporal dementia illustrate the differential role of biomarkers based on genotype. Similar advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis would transform our understanding of key events in pathogenesis, thereby dramatically accelerating progress towards disease prevention. Deciphering the biology of pre-symptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis relies on a clear conceptual framework for defining the earliest stages of disease. Clinically manifest amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may emerge abruptly, especially among those who harbour genetic mutations associated with rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the disease may also evolve more gradually, revealing a prodromal period of mild motor impairment preceding phenoconversion to clinically manifest disease. Similarly, cognitive and behavioural impairment, when present, may emerge gradually, evolving through a prodromal period of mild cognitive impairment or mild behavioural impairment before progression to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biomarkers are critically important to studying pre-symptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and essential to efforts to intervene therapeutically before clinically manifest disease emerges. The use of non-genetic biomarkers, however, presents challenges related to counselling, informed consent, communication of results and limited protections afforded by existing legislation. Experiences from pre-symptomatic genetic testing and counselling, and the legal protections against discrimination based on genetic data, may serve as a guide. Building on what we have learned - more broadly from other pre-symptomatic neurodegenerative diseases and specifically from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis gene mutation carriers - we present a road map to early intervention, and perhaps even disease prevention, for all forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Kokfelt, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem responses to increased precipitation and permafrost decay in subarctic Sweden inferred from peat and lake sediments
- 2009
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 15:7, s. 1652-1663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent accelerated decay of discontinuous permafrost at the Stordalen Mire in northern Sweden has been attributed to increased temperature and snow depth, and has caused expansion of wet minerotrophic areas leading to significant changes in carbon cycling in the mire. In order to track these changes through time and evaluate potential forcing mechanisms, this paper analyses a peat succession and a lake sediment sequence from within the mire, providing a record for the last 100 years, and compares these with monitored climate and active layer thickness data. The peat core was analysed for testate amoebae to reconstruct changes in peatland surface moisture conditions and water table fluctuations. The lake sediment core was analysed by near infrared spectroscopy to infer changes in the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the lake-water, and changes in δ13C and C, N and δ15N to track changes in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool and the influence of diagenetic effects on sediment organic matter, respectively. Results showed that major shifts towards increased peat surface moisture and TOC concentration of the lake-water occurred around 1980, one to two decades earlier than a temperature driven increase in active layer thickness. Comparison with monitored temperature and precipitation from a nearby climate station indicates that this change in peat surface moisture is related to June–September (JJAS) precipitation and that the increase in lake-water TOC concentration reflects an increase in total annual precipitation. A significant depletion in 13C of sediment organic matter in the early 1980s probably reflects the effect of a single or a few consecutive years with anomalously high summer precipitation, resulting in elevated DIC content of the lake water, predominantly originating from increased export and subsequent respiration of organic carbon from the mire. Based on these results, it was not possible to link proxy data obtained on peat and lake-sediment records directly to permafrost decay. Instead our data indicate that increased precipitation and anomalously high rainfall during summers had a significant impact on the mire and the adjacent lake ecosystem. We therefore propose that effects of increased precipitation should be considered when evaluating potential forcing mechanisms of recent changes in carbon cycling in the subarctic.
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| 7. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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SCORE: A novel multi-criteria decision analysis approach to assessing the sustainability of contaminated land remediation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 511, s. 621-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method provides for a comprehensive and transparent basis for performing sustainability assessments. Development of a relevant MCDA-method requires consideration of a number of key issues, e.g. (a) definition of assessment boundaries, (b) definition of performance scales, both temporal and spatial, (c) selection of relevant criteria (indicators) that facilitate a comprehensive sustainability assessment while avoiding double-counting of effects, and (d) handling of uncertainties. Adding to the complexity is the typically wide variety of inputs, including quantifications based on existing data, expert judgements, and opinions expressed in interviews. The SCORE (Sustainable Choice Of REmediation) MCDA-method was developed to provide a transparent assessment of the sustainability of possible remediation alternatives for contaminated sites relative to a reference alternative, considering key criteria in the economic, environmental, and social sustainability domains. The criteria were identified based on literature studies, interviews and focus-group meetings. SCORE combines a linear additive model to rank the alternatives with a non-compensatory approach to identify alternatives regarded as non-sustainable. The key strengths of the SCORE method are as follows: a framework that at its core is designed to be flexible and transparent; the possibility to integrate both quantitative and qualitative estimations on criteria; its ability, unlike other sustainability assessment tools used in industry and academia, to allow for the alteration of boundary conditions where necessary; the inclusion of a full uncertainty analysis of the results, using Monte Carlo simulation; and a structure that allows preferences and opinions of involved stakeholders to be openly integrated into the analysis. A major insight from practical application of SCORE is that its most important contribution may be that it initiates a process where criteria otherwise likely ignored are addressed and openly discussed between stakeholders.
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| 8. |
- Rosén, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Use of disease registers
- 2005
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Ingår i: Handbook of epidemiology. - : Heidelberg Verlag, Berlin. ; , s. 231-251
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Rosén, P, et al.
(författare)
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Diatom transfer-functions for quantifying past air temperature, pH and total organic carbon concentration from lakes in northern Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 24:2, s. 109-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationships between diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) in surface sediments of lakes and summer air temperature, pH and total organic carbon concentration (TOC) were explored along a steep climatic gradient in northern Sweden to provide a tool to infer past climate conditions from sediment cores. The study sites are in an area with low human impact and range from boreal forest to alpine tundra. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) constrained to mean July air temperature and pH clearly showed that diatom community composition was different between lakes situated in conifer-, mountain birch- and alpine-vegetation zones. As a consequence, diatoms and multivariate ordination methods can be used to infer past changes in treeline position and dominant forest type. Quantitative inference models were developed to estimate mean July air temperature, pH and TOC from sedimentary diatom assemblages using weighted averaging (WA) and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) regression. Relationships between diatoms and mean July air temperature were independent of lake-water pH, TOC, alkalinity and maximum depth. The results demonstrated that diatoms in lake sediments can provide useful and independent quantitative information for estimating past changes in mean July air temperature (R-jack(2) = 0.62, RMSEP = 0.86 degrees C; R-2 and root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) based on jack-knifing), pH (R(j)(2)ack = 0.61, RMSEP = 0.30) and TOC (R-jack(2) = 0.49, RMSEP = 1.33 mg l(-1)). The paper focuses mainly on the relationship between diatom community composition and mean July air temperature, but the relationships to pH and TOC are also discussed.
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| 10. |
- Säwström, Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of environmental conditions, bacterial activity and viability on the viral component in 10 Antarctic lakes
- 2008
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 63:1, s. 12-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of biotic and environmental variables on the abundance of virus-like particles (VLP) and lysogeny was investigated by examining 10 Antarctic lakes in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica, in the Austral Spring. Abundances of viruses and bacteria and bacterial metabolic activity were estimated using SYBR Gold (Molecular Probes), Baclight™ (Molecular Probes) and 6-carboxy fluorescein diacetate (6CFDA). Total bacterial abundances among the lakes ranged between 0.12 and 0.47 × 109 cells L−1. The proportion of intact bacteria (SYTO® 9-stained cells) ranged from 13.5% to 83.5% of the total while active (6CFDA-stained) bacteria ranged from 33% to 116%. Lysogeny, as determined with Mitomycin C, was only detected in one of the lakes surveyed, indicating that viral replication was occurring predominately via the lytic cycle. Principal component analysis and confirmatory correlation analysis of individual variables showed that high abundances of VLP occurred in lakes of high conductivity with high concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. These lakes supported high concentrations of chlorophyll a, intact bacteria, rates of bacterial production and virus to bacteria ratios. Thus, it was suggested that viral abundance in the Antarctic lakes was determined by the trophic status of the lake and the resultant abundance of intact bacterial hosts.
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