| 1. |
- Fredman, D., et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the first link in the chain of survival – Experiences from dispatcher referral of callers to AED locations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 107, s. 129-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Early use of automated external defibrillators (AED) increases survival in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Dispatchers play important roles in identifying OHCA, dispatching ambulances and providing callers with telephone-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Guidelines recommend that AED registries be linked to dispatch centres as tools to refer callers to nearby AED. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent dispatchers, when provided with a tool to display AED locations and accessibility, referred callers to nearby AED. Methods An application providing real-time visualization of AED locations and accessibility was implemented at four dispatch centres in Sweden. Dispatchers were instructed to refer callers to nearby AED when OHCA was suspected. Such cases were prospectively collected, and geographic information systems were used to identify those located ≤100 m from an AED. Audio recordings of emergency calls were assessed to evaluate the AED referral rate. Results Between February and August 2014, 3009 suspected OHCA calls were received. In 6.6% of those calls (200/3009), an AED was ≤100 m from the suspected OHCA. The AED was accessible and the caller was not alone on scene in 24% (47/200) of these cases. In two of those 47 cases (4.3%), the dispatcher referred the caller to the AED. Conclusion Despite a tool for dispatchers to refer callers to a nearby AED, referral was rare. Only a minority of the suspected OHCA cases occurred ≤100 m from an AED. We identified AED accessibility and callers being alone on scene as obstacles for AED referral.
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| 2. |
- Claesson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1757-7241. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) prior to EMS arrival can increase 30-day survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) significantly. Drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can fly with high velocity and potentially transport devices such as AEDs to the site of OHCAs. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate the feasibility of a drone system in decreasing response time and delivering an AED. Methods: Data of Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates from historical OHCA in Stockholm County was used in a model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to find suitable placements and visualize response times for the use of an AED equipped drone. Two different geographical models, urban and rural, were calculated using a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) model. Test-flights with an AED were performed on these locations in rural areas. Results: In total, based on 3,165 retrospective OHCAs in Stockholm County between 2006-2013, twenty locations were identified for the potential placement of a drone. In a GIS-simulated model of urban OHCA, the drone arrived before EMS in 32 % of cases, and the mean amount of time saved was 1.5 min. In rural OHCA the drone arrived before EMS in 93 % of cases with a mean amount of time saved of 19 min. In these rural locations during (n = 13) test flights, latch-release of the AED from low altitude (3-4 m) or landing the drone on flat ground were the safest ways to deliver an AED to the bystander and were superior to parachute release. Discussion: The difference in response time for EMS between urban and rural areas is substantial, as is the possible amount of time saved using this UAV-system. However, yet another technical device needs to fit into the chain of survival. We know nothing of how productive or even counterproductive this system might be in clinical reality. Conclusions: To use drones in rural areas to deliver an AED in OHCA may be safe and feasible. Suitable placement of drone systems can be designed by using GIS models. The use of an AED equipped drone may have the potential to reduce time to defibrillation in OHCA.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Medicine and the media : Medical experts' problems and solutions while working with journalists
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical experts are one of the main sources used by journalists in reporting on medical science. This study aims to 1) identify problems that medical experts encounter in contacts with the media representatives, 2) elucidate their attitudes about interactions with journalists and 3) reflect on solutions that could improve the quality of medical journalism. By using in-depth interviews, focus groups and a survey directed to 600 medical experts in 21 countries, this cohort study elucidates medical experts' experiences and views on participating in popular media. A strong interest in interacting with the media was identified among the experts, where nearly one fifth of the respondents in the survey claimed that they contacted the media more than 10 times per year. Six obstacles for improving the quality of medical reporting in the media were found: Deadlines, headlines, choice of topic or angle, journalist's level of medical knowledge, differences in professional culture and colleagues' opinions. The main concern among experts was that short deadlines and exaggerated headlines could harm journalistic quality. It is possible that this is partly due to ongoing changes in the media landscape with many new platforms and less control functions. Nevertheless, for several reasons many experts have great interest in interacting with the media, something that could contribute to better communication and fewer misunderstandings. Our results highlight factors like expert networks, media training for scientists and regular meetings that may facilitate communication between medical experts and medical reporters.
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| 4. |
- Stenberg, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Internal structure and spatial dimensions of whistler wave regions in the magnetopause boundary layer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : European Geosciences Union (EGU). - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 25:11, s. 2439-2451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use whistler waves observed close to the magnetopause as an instrument to investigate the internal structure of the magnetopause-magnetosheath boundary layer. We find that this region is characterized by tube-like structures with dimensions less than or comparable with an ion inertial length in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The tubes are revealed as they constitute regions where whistler waves are generated and propagate. We believe that the region containing tube-like structures extend several Earth radii along the magnetopause in the boundary layer. Within the presumed wave generating regions we find current structures moving at the whistler wave group velocity in the same direction as the waves.
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| 5. |
- Sulena, Pradhan, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of humic acid and dihydroxy benzoic acid on the agglomeration, adsorption, sedimentation and dissolution of copper, manganese, aluminum and silica nanoparticles – a tentative exposure scenario
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall objective of this study was to fill existing knowledge gaps related to the potential dispersion and environmental fate of reactive metallic nanoparticles (NPs) for future use in predictive NP fate models. The work focuses on kinetic aspects of stability, mobility, and dissolution of bare Cu, Al and Mn NPs in synthetic freshwater (FW) with and without the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). This includes elucidation of particle and surface interactions, metal dissolution kinetics and speciation predictions of released metals in solution. Parallel stability measurements were performed on SiO2 NPs. NOM was in this study represented by dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHBA) monomers and Suwannee River Humic Acid.DHBA or humic acid rapidly adsorbed on all metal NPs (< 1 min) via multiple surface coordinations, followed in general by rapid agglomeration (predominantly due to strong van-der Waal forces) and concomitant sedimentation for a large fraction of the particles. No adsorption of NOM was observed for the SiO2 NPs, which remained stable in solution. The concentration and type of NOM influenced the degree of agglomeration, sedimentation, and dissolution of the metal NPs. DHBA in concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM was unable to stabilize the metal NPs for time periods longer than 6 h, whereas humic acid, at certain concentrations (20 mg/L) was more efficient (>24 h). The presence of NOM in FW increased the amount of released metals into solution, in particular pronounced for Al and Cu, whereas the effect for Mn was minor or non-significant. At least 10% of the particle mass was dissolved within 24 h and remained in solution. Speciation modeling revealed that released Al and Cu predominantly formed complexes with NOM without the existence of free ions or labile complexes, whereas less complexation was seen for Mn, predominantly present as free ions.From an environmental fate perspective, the results imply that potentially dispersed NPs of Cu, Al and Mn readily dissolve or sediment closes to the source in freshwaters of low salinity, whereas SiO2 NPs are more stable and mobile in solution. Released Cu and Al into FW form stable NOM-complexes of low bioavailability whereas released Mn predominantly remains as free bioavailable ions.
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