| 1. |
- Appelqvist, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Parental views and the key role of nurses for high vaccine acceptance in Sweden – a focus group study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Sweden, vaccine uptake is exceptionally high due to an efficient child immunization program. More than 97% of Swedish children were vaccinated at child health care centers (CHCs) according to the schedule at 2 years of age in 2021. From the age of 6 years, vaccinations are given within the school health care. Maintaining high vaccination coverage over time is one of the central motives to explore and understand drivers for vaccine acceptance. The current study aimed to assess parental vaccine acceptance concerning the national immunization program and explore factors contributing to the high vaccine acceptance in Sweden. Methods: Parents of children aged 1–2 years and 8–12 years were recruited through purposive sampling and asked to participate in focus groups held in three cities in Sweden, in February and March 2019. In total, 47 parents participated in two focus groups per city, one session for parents of younger (1–2 years) and older (8–12 years) children respectively. The focus group discussions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Parents of children aged 1–2 years expressed the themes; strong compliance to and protection of the value of vaccinations; parents feel safe with an attentive relationship with their nurse; the spectrum of communication needs is essential to meet. For parents to children aged 8–12 years, the themes expressed were; vaccinate to do good for the individual and society; a foundation of trust is built at CHCs for decisions later on; decisions for vaccination become more complex as children get older; communication changes as children get older and need to be explicit and tailored to the situation. Conclusion: Both individual and societal perspectives were shown to influence the vaccination decision for childhood immunizations, as manifested in parental reflections and experiences. As nurses have a key role, it is important to provide them with continued support and tools to facilitate their support for parents in making informed decisions. Continuous work for supporting driving factors for vaccination over time is needed to maintain high vaccine acceptance in Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Ping, et al.
(författare)
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A Linear Relation between the Color Stretch sBV and the Rising Color Slope s0*(B – V) of Type Ia Supernovae
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 946:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from the Complete Nearby (redshift zhost < 0.02) sample of Type Ia Supernovae (CNIa0.02), we find a linear relation between two parameters derived from the B − V color curves of Type Ia supernovae: the color stretch sBV and the rising color slope s0*(B – V) after the peak, and this relation applies to the full range of sBV. The sBV parameter is known to be tightly correlated with the peak luminosity, especially for fast decliners (dim Type Ia supernovae), and the luminosity correlation with sBV is markedly better than with the classic light-curve width parameters such as Δm15(B). Thus, our new linear relation can be used to infer peak luminosity from s0*. Unlike sBV (or Δm15(B)), the measurement of s0*(B – V) does not rely on a well-determined time of light-curve peak or color maximum, making it less demanding on the light-curve coverage than past approaches.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Ping, et al.
(författare)
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The First Data Release of CNIa0.02-A Complete Nearby (Redshift <0.02) Sample of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CNIa0.02 project aims to collect a complete, nearby sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) light curves, and the SNe are volume-limited with host-galaxy redshifts zhost < 0.02. The main scientific goal is to infer the distributions of key properties (e.g., the luminosity function) of local SNe Ia in a complete and unbiased fashion in order to study SN explosion physics. We spectroscopically classify any SN candidate detected by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) that reaches a peak brightness <16.5 mag. Since ASAS-SN scans the full sky and does not target specific galaxies, our target selection is effectively unbiased by host-galaxy properties. We perform multiband photometric observations starting from the time of discovery. In the first data release (DR1), we present the optical light curves obtained for 247 SNe from our project (including 148 SNe in the complete sample), and we derive parameters such as the peak fluxes, Δm15, and sBV.
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| 4. |
- Cordeddu, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Severe gastrointestinal dysmotility developed after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 50:3, s. 291-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Sporadic cases of abdominal pain and dysmotility has been described after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs. The aim of the present study was to scrutinize for patients with severe gastrointestinal complaints after treatment with GnRH analogs, to describe the expression of antibodies against progonadoliberin-2, GnRH1, GnRH receptor (GnRHR), luteinizing hormone (LH), and LH receptor in serum in these patients, and to search for possible triggers and genetic factors behind the development of this dysmotility. Methods. Patients suffering from prolonged gastrointestinal complaints after treatment with GnRH analogs at the Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, were included. GnRHR and LH receptor (LHCGR) genes were exome-sequenced. Serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays for the presence of antibodies. Healthy blood donors and women treated with GnRH analogs because of in vitro fertilization (IVF) were used as controls. Results. Seven patients with severe gastrointestinal complaints after GnRH treatment were identified, of whom six suffered from endometriosis. Several variants were found within the 11 exons of LHCGR. The minor allele G, at the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6755901, was detected in homozygosity in two patients (28.5%) who had developed chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and in 5.5% of the IVF controls. Three patients expressed IgM antibodies against progonadoliberin-2 and three against GnRH1 (42.9%) when cut off was set to a titer >97.5th percentile in blood donors. Conclusion. A high prevalence of endometriosis, polymorphism in the LHCGR and GnRH1 and progonadoliberin-2 antibodies in serum was found among the patients with severe dysmotility after treatment with GnRH analogs.
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| 5. |
- Henriksson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of size and personality on social learning and human-directed behaviour in horses (Equus caballus)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Animal Cognition. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1435-9448 .- 1435-9456. ; 22:6, s. 1001-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to our long history of living in close association with horses, these animals are suggested to have enhanced skills in understanding and communicating with humans. Today, horses have become important to humans for sport and leisure and their understanding of human behaviour and their human-directed behaviour are therefore of great importance. In this study, we investigated 22 horses in a human contact-seeking experiment where they were presented with an unsolvable problem and a detour experiment with a human demonstrator. The unsolvable problem consisted of pieces of carrot in a closed bucket and the detour resembled the shape of V. Additionally, personality traits of the participating horses were assessed. Interestingly, the full-sized horses (N=11) showed more human-related behaviours when presented with an unsolvable problem compared to before the carrots were made unreachable (p=0.033), while the ponies (N=11) did not. However, neither the full-sized horses nor the ponies were significantly more successful in the detour after human demonstrations than in control trials. When comparing the two experiments, we found the task-oriented behaviour in the detour test to positively correlate with human proximity and eye contact-seeking behaviour towards humans during the unsolvable problem in the contact-seeking test. Interestingly, again this was only true for the full-sized horses (pamp;lt;0.05) and not for the ponies. From the horse personality questionnaire results, the traits excitability and anxiousness revealed strong negative correlations with human-directed behaviour in the contact-seeking experiment (pamp;lt;0.05). Hence, size (full-sized horse/pony) and personality influenced the human-related behaviours of the horses and we suggest a future focus on these aspects to deepen our understanding of human-horse communication.
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| 6. |
- Höglin, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term stress in dogs is related to the human-dog relationship and personality traits
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously, we found that dogs belonging to the herding breed group, selected for human cooperation, synchronise their long-term stress levels with their owners. The aim of the current study was to investigate features that could influence long-term stress levels in ancient dog breeds, genetically closer to wolves, and dogs specifically selected to work independently of their owner. Twenty-four ancient breed dogs and 18 solitary hunting dogs were recruited and hair samples were obtained from both dogs and owners from which hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was analysed. Additionally, the owners completed lifestyle surveys, the Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale (MDORS) on human-dog relationship, and both dog and owner personality questionnaires (Dog Personality questionnaire and Big Five Inventory survey). The results from the MDORS indicate that the subscale Perceived cost correlated to the dog HCC of tested breed groups: solitary hunting breeds (chi (2)=4.95, P=0.026, beta =0.055), ancient breeds (chi (2)=2.74, P=0.098, beta =0.027), and herding dogs included from a previous study (chi (2)=6.82, P=0.009, beta=- 0.061). The HCC of the solitary hunting dogs was also related to the owner personality traits Agreeableness (chi (2)=12.30, P<0.001, <beta>=- 0.060) and Openness (chi (2)=9.56, P=0.002, beta =0.048) suggesting a more substantial influence of the owner on the solitary hunting dogs HCC compared to the ancient breeds. No effect of owner HCC on dog HCC was found in either ancient or in solitary hunting breeds. Hence, the long-term stress synchronisation is likely to be a trait in breeds selected for human cooperation. In conclusion, dog HCC is often related to the owners personality, but is primarily influenced by the owner-dog relationship.
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| 7. |
- Jensen, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The Genetics of How Dogs Became Our Social Allies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current directions in psychological science (Print). - : Sage Publications. - 0963-7214 .- 1467-8721. ; 25:5, s. 334-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dogs were domesticated from wolves about 15,000 years ago, and an important selection pressure (intentional orunintentional) has been their ability to communicate and cooperate with people. They show extensive human-directedsociability, which varies within as well as between breeds and is not shared by ancestral wolves. Hence, dogs arepotentially ideal models for studying the genetics of social behavior. Here, we review some recent research carried outby us and others on this subject. We present results showing that recent selection of different breed types can be usedas a model system for investigating the genetic architecture of personalities. Furthermore, we review data showingthat human-directed social behavior is significantly related to a small number of genes that have known connectionsto human social disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. We suggest that dogs are excellent study subjects foranalyzing the evolution and genetics of social behavior and can serve as probes for human health and welfare.
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| 8. |
- Kelber, Almut, et al.
(författare)
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Nocturnal colour vision
- 2006
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Ingår i: Perception. - 0301-0066. ; 35:Suppl. S 2006, s. 166-167
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Kelber, Almut, et al.
(författare)
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Nocturnal colour vision - not as rare as we might think
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 209:5, s. 781-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dual retina of humans and most vertebrates consists of multiple types of cone for colour vision in bright light and one single type of rod, leaving these animals colour-blind at night. Instead of comparing the signals from different spectral types of photoreceptors, they use one highly sensitive receptor, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio. However, nocturnal moths and geckos can discriminate colours at extremely dim light intensities when humans are colour-blind, by sacrificing spatial and temporal rather than spectral resolution. The advantages of colour vision are just as obvious at night as they are during the day. Colour vision is much more reliable than achromatic contrast, not only under changing light intensities, but also under the colour changes occurring during dusk and dawn. It can be expected that nocturnal animals other than moths and geckos make use of the highly reliable colour signals in dim light.
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| 10. |
- Larssen, Renate, et al.
(författare)
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Regular positive reinforcement training increases contact-seeking behaviour in horses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1591 .- 1872-9045. ; 252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horses are commonly trained using negative reinforcement. However, a growing body of scientific evidence supports positive reinforcement as an efficient training method for horses. In this study we investigated the effects of adding a small but regular amount of positive reinforcement training to horses trained with negative reinforcement. A total of 36 privately owned horses not previously trained with positive reinforcement were divided into a training (N = 17) and a control (N = 19) group. The owners in the training group were asked to follow a training plan based on positive reinforcement for eight to nine weeks, in addition to their normal negative reinforcement training. The control horses continued with their usual negative reinforcement training. All horses were subjected to behavioural tests before and after the training period: a motionless human test to assess contact-seeking behaviour and a cognitive bias test to assess emotional state. Mane hair samples were obtained from all horses at the start and at the end of the training period to analyse hair cortisol concentrations as an expression of long-term stress. In addition, all owners filled out a questionnaire about their perceived relationship with their horses before and after the training period. We found that horses in the training group engaged in more physical contact (P = 0.050) with an unfamiliar person after the training period compared to before. The training group also tended to improve their owner-assessed relationship score (P = 0.072). They did not, however, show changes in their emotional state as assessed by the cognitive bias test (P > 0.1). Furthermore, we found no difference between the training and control groups in terms of hair cortisol concentrations. We conclude that a small but regular addition of positive reinforcement training can increase horses contact-seeking behaviour towards humans but is not enough to improve their emotional state or long-term stress levels.
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