Dipolarization fronts as a consequence of transient reconnection in situ evidence

• Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are frequently detected in the Earth's magnetotail from X-GSM=-30 R-E to X-GSM=-7 R-E. How these DFs are formed is still poorly understood. Three possible mechanisms have been suggested in previous simulations: (1) jet braking, (2) transient reconnection, and (3) spontaneous formation. Among these three mechanisms, the first has been verified by using spacecraft observation, while the second and third have not. In this study, we show Cluster observation of DFs inside reconnection diffusion region. This observation provides in situ evidence of the second mechanism: Transient reconnection can produce DFs. We suggest that the DFs detected in the near-Earth region (X-GSM>-10 R-E) are primarily attributed to jet braking, while the DFs detected in the mid- or far-tail region (X-GSM<-15 R-E) are primarily attributed to transient reconnection or spontaneous formation. In the jet-braking mechanism, the high-speed flow pushes the preexisting plasmas to produce the DF so that there is causality between high-speed flow and DF. In the transient-reconnection mechanism, there is no causality between high-speed flow and DF, because the frozen-in condition is violated.

Ämnesord

Natural Sciences  (hsv)

Earth and Related Environmental Sciences  (hsv)

Geology  (hsv)

Naturvetenskap  (hsv)

Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap  (hsv)

Geologi  (hsv)

Nyckelord

dipolarization front

unsteady reconnection

ion diffusion region

high-speed flow

jet braking

spontaneous formation