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Sökning: WFRF:(Russell K.) > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt

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  • Colbourne, JK, et al. (författare)
  • The Precision Toxicology initiative
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Toxicology letters. - 1879-3169. ; 383, s. 33-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Bos, Peter MJ, et al. (författare)
  • Human risk assessment of single exposure in chemical incidents : present situation and new and increasing chemical incident scenarios
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The release of chemicals from their containment, either accidentally or deliberately, is one of the most relevant risk scenarios in Europe. A human health risk assessment is a prerequisite for chemical incident prevention, preparedness and response. European guidance and harmonized Acute Exposure Reference Values (AERVs) are urgently needed for effective human health risk assessment in the context of chemical incidents.At present, no broad European consensus is available on guidance for risk assessment, risk management and risk communication purposes in case of chemical incidents. A review of legislation, existing or currently under revision, suggests that harmonized European guidance is not expected to be developed in the short term. An increasing number of European countries are developing their own procedures to assess the human health risk of chemical incident scenarios. The AERVs thus produced serve different purposes and are not interchangeable. Lack of international harmonization seriously obstructs a consistent response in chemical emergencies with transboundary effects within and beyond the EU, will hamper multinational companies attempting to make consistent risk assessments worldwide and will hinder consistent and transparent assessment, and management and communication of risks by different stakeholders.Emerging chemical incident risk scenarios and risk drivers have been identified. It is recommended to monitor more frequently at an early stage for new trends in chemicals, scenarios and risks from chemical incidents. A need for a specific approach to deal with single exposure to mixtures of chemicals is identified, as well as for specific guidance to adequately protect professional first responders.
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  • Brenner, A., et al. (författare)
  • Technical and mineral level effects of water treatment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Drinking Water Minerals and Mineral Balance: Importance, Health Significance, Safety Precautions. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319095936 ; , s. 103-117
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Reverse Osmosis is used for desalination of especially sea water in areas suffering from water shortage, and there are thousands and thousands of desalination plants around the world and more to come. The produced high–purity water tends to be corrosive, and lacks minerals, causing decreased daily intake and loss of minerals from the body. Thus, such water needs re–mineralization. Water with toxic substances is harmful, and is also often treated with RO. There are indexes to be used as guides to choose re–mineralization method after RO. However, mineral balance is not reached by remineralization, as only concentrations of calcium and bicarbonate, and in some cases magnesium is increased. Treatment with dissolution of dolomitic–calcitic limestone or other limestone with low levels of toxic elements is preferable. Hard water, on the other hand, may cause scaling, and is often softened, making the concentrations of calcium and magnesium low or extremely low. General advices on choice of treatment method to preserve or improve the mineral content and mineral balance of a water is presented in the chapter.
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