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- Marklund, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and simulation of thermal effects in wet clutches operating under boundary lubrication conditions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 223:8, s. 1129-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wet clutches are frequently used in the drive trains of many modern vehicles. The behaviour of the clutches influences the behaviour of the whole drive train and therefore of the whole vehicle. The design of the clutch is very important because it operates in cooperation with the other parts of the drive train. The clutch also often has to work in the lubricant present in the transmission. To optimize the clutch for an application, properties such as disc geometry, materials, friction disc surface, and engagement axial force can be varied when designing the clutch. Today, the design process involves much testing, which is expensive and time consuming. There are no good hand-book solutions or engineering tools available, hence the designer has to be very experienced and often use trial and error methods in order to end up with a working clutch for an application.A simulation model is developed in this article, which in combination with a simple measurement technique for measuring the boundary lubrication friction coefficient is used to estimate temperature and torque transfer for a wet clutch working under limited slip conditions. The developed simulation model can be used as a design tool for wet clutches. The approach developed in this article can be used to investigate torque behaviour for wet clutches that have not been designed and is, therefore, suitable to use when optimizing the performance of a new clutch. The model includes fluid dynamics, contact mechanics, and temperature computations in the fluid film between the friction disc and the separator disc. Temperature computations in the clutch discs are also included in the model. The fluid dynamics calculations use homogenized flow factors to enable simulations of flow on a coarser grid and still include all surface roughness effects. The temperature distribution in the film in the sliding interface is approximated as a polynomial of the second order. The heat transfer in the grooves of the friction discs is solved by means of an equilibrium equation that includes radial cooling flow effects because of centrifugal flows. The temperature in the friction disc and separator disc is obtained from the solution of the full three-dimensional energy equation in polar cylindrical coordinates.The model is validated by measurements made in a test rig and good agreement between measurements and simulations is obtained, both with regard to temperature and transfered torque.The use of this model can reduce the time needed to develop a limited slip wet clutch application since the systematic way of finding the optimal clutch design will be more efficient than the often used Edisonian trial and error approach.
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- Sahlin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A mixed lubrication model incorporating measured surface topography. Part 1: Theory of flow factors
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 224:4, s. 335-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mixed lubrication model that permits real three-dimensional surface topography as input is developed. The theory of computing flow factors within the model is presented, and with a following paper (Part 2) the method of measuring and adapting the surface roughness, and model validation through flow measurements and application to a bearing is shown. A contact mechanics model is used to calculate the elastoplastic displacement of a periodic topography signal. A method based on homogenization is used to calculate flow factors for all lubrication regimes. The flow factors are compared with the Patir and Cheng method. Results indicate that the two methods compare well for longitudinal roughness lay, but differ significantly for a cross-patterned surface roughness due to the more complete flow description of the current model.
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| 5. |
- Sahlin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A mixed lubrication model incorporating measured surface topography. Part 2: Roughness treatment, model validation, and simulation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 224:4, s. 353-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mixed lubrication flow factor model that permits real three-dimensional surface topography as input has been developed. Part 1 gives the theory of computing flow factors within the model. In this article, a method of adapting the measured surface topography signal to suit the numerical models is developed and presented in detail. The mixed lubrication model is validated through flow measurements for three different rough surface test specimens. Simulation of a hydrodynamic bearing was conducted and the results are presented in terms of pressure distributions and Stribeck curves covering all lubrication regimes. The results indicate that the model may be an efficient and accurate engineering design and research tool for tribological devices operating in all lubrication regimes.
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