| 1. |
- Amanizadeh, Farhad, et al.
(författare)
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Starve fed emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and 1-hexene at ambient pressure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Polymer international. - : Wiley. - 0959-8103 .- 1097-0126. ; 63:10, s. 1850-1855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel emulsion copolymer of vinyl acetate (VAc) and 1-hexene was synthesized at ambient pressure. The feeding technique, initiation system and reaction time of the copolymerization were optimized based on molecular characteristics such as the weight contribution of 1-hexene in the copolymer chains and glass transition temperature (T-g) as well as on bulk properties like minimum film-formation temperature (MFFT) and solid content. According to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry results, the combination of starve feeding and redox initiation, within a reaction time of 4h, effectively led to the copolymerization at ambient pressure between highly reactive polar VAc monomers and non-polar 1-hexene monomers of low reactivity. The copolymer showed a lower T-g and MFFT, and a reasonable solid content compared to the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) homopolymer. The consumption rate, hydrolysis of acetate groups and chain transfer reactions during the polymerization were followed using infrared spectroscopy. Based on the results, the undesirable reactions between the VAc blocks were hindered by the neighbouring 1-hexene molecules. Tensile testing revealed an improvement in the toughness and elongation at break of VAc-1-hexene films compared to PVAc films.
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| 2. |
- Skarmeas, Dionysis, et al.
(författare)
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Market and supplier characteristics driving distributor relationship quality in international marketing channels of industrial products
- 2008
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 37, s. 23-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although we are beginning to comprehend the fundamental importance of relationship quality in interorganizational exchange, a relatively small, but growing, body of literature that has not kept pace with the tremendous growth in global channel transactions has been devoted to the development of cross-border relationship quality. This study addresses this gap in the literature by investigating the extent to which certain market and exporter characteristics affect the development of relationship quality in the context of importing distributors trading with exporting manufacturers of industrial products. Relationship quality is viewed as a higher-order construct composed of trust, commitment, and satisfaction. Findings reveal that psychic distance is related negatively to relationship quality, while transaction-specific investments and role performance are associated positively with relationship quality. No link is found between environmental uncertainty and relationship quality. Managerial implications of the findings are considered and limitations along with future research directions discussed.
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