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1.
  • Chahla, J., et al. (författare)
  • The posteromedial corner of the knee: an international expert consensus statement on diagnosis, classification, treatment, and rehabilitation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To establish recommendations for diagnosis, classification, treatment, and rehabilitation of posteromedial corner (PMC) knee injuries using a modified Delphi technique. Methods: A list of statements concerning the diagnosis, classification, treatment and rehabilitation of PMC injuries was created by a working group of four individuals. Using a modified Delphi technique, a group of 35 surgeons with expertise in PMC injuries was surveyed, on three occasions, to establish consensus on the inclusion or exclusion of each statement. Experts were encouraged to propose further suggestions or modifications following each round. Pre-defined criteria were used to refine item lists after each survey. The final document included statements reaching consensus in round three. Results: Thirty-five experts had a 100% response rate for all three rounds. A total of 53 items achieved over 75% consensus. The overall rate of consensus was 82.8%. Statements pertaining to PMC reconstruction and those regarding the treatment of combined cruciate and PMC injuries reached 100% consensus. Consensus was reached for 85.7% of the statements on anatomy of the PMC, 90% for those relating to diagnosis, 70% relating to classification, 64.3% relating to the treatment of isolated PMC injuries, and 83.3% relating to rehabilitation after PMC reconstruction. Conclusion: A modified Delphi technique was applied to generate an expert consensus statement concerning the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and rehabilitation practices for PMC injuries of the knee with high levels of expert agreement. Though the majority of statements pertaining to anatomy, diagnosis, and rehabilitation reached consensus, there remains inconsistency as to the optimal approach to treating isolated PMC injuries. Additionally, there is a need for improved PMC injury classification. Level of evidence: Level V. © 2020, European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA).
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2.
  • Diermeier, T., et al. (författare)
  • Patient-Reported and Quantitative Outcomes of Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autografts
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 2325-9671. ; 8:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The pivot-shift test has become more consistent and reliable and is a meaningful outcome measurement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this investigation was to assess patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and the quantitative pivot shift (QPS) preoperatively, at time zero immediately after anatomic ACLR, and after 24 months as well as the relationship between PROs and the QPS. It was hypothesized that anatomic ACLR would restore rotatory stability measured by the pivot-shift test and that QPS measurements would be positively correlated with PROs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The ACL-injured and contralateral uninjured knees from 89 of 107 (83.2%) enrolled patients at 4 international centers were evaluated using a standardized pivot-shift test. Tibial acceleration was assessed with an inertial sensor, and lateral compartment translation was measured using an image analysis system preoperatively, at time zero immediately postoperatively, and at follow-up after 2 years. PROs were assessed at 12 and 24 months postoperatively with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form, Cincinnati Knee Rating System (CKRS), Marx activity rating scale, and activity of daily living score (ADLS). Results: The mean patient age at surgery was 27 years (range, 15-45 years). A positive pivot shift preoperatively (side-to-side difference in tibial acceleration, 2.6 +/- 4.0 m/s(2); side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation, 2.0 +/- 2.0 mm) was reduced at time zero postoperatively (side-to-side difference in tibial acceleration, -0.5 +/- 1.3 m/s(2); side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation, -0.1 +/- 1.0 mm). All PROs improved from preoperatively to final follow-up at 24 months: from 56.5 to 85.5 points for the IKDC (P= .0001), from 28.8 to 32.4 points for the CKRS (P= .04), from 11.2 to 7.9 points for the Marx (P< .0001), and from 75.7 to 91.6 points for the ADLS (P< .0001). Neither preoperative nor time zero postoperative rotatory laxity assessed by the pivot-shift test correlated with PROs at 24-month follow-up. A graft retear was observed in 4 patients (4.5%) within 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Anatomic ACLR resulted in significantly improved and acceptable PROs at 2-year follow-up and a low failure rate. Anatomic ACLR restored QPS measurements of anterior tibial translation and tibial acceleration to those of the contralateral knee immediately after surgery while still under anesthesia, but there was no correlation between the QPS preoperatively or at time zero after ACLR and PROs at 2-year follow-up.
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4.
  • Grassi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Association between incision technique for hamstring tendon harvest in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the risk of injury to the infra-patellar branch of the saphenous nerve: a meta-analysis
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 26:8, s. 2410-2423
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To determine how the incision technique for hamstring tendon (HT) harvest in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction affects the risk of injury to the IPBSN and clinical outcome. A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE/Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and EBSCOhost electronic databases and clinicaltrials.gov for unpublished studies was performed to identify comparative studies investigating injury to the IPBSN after HT ACL reconstruction by comparing at least two different incision techniques. Data were extracted for the number of patients with evidence of any neurologic deficit corresponding to injury to the IPBSN, area of sensory deficit, the Lysholm score and patient satisfaction. The mean difference (MD) in study outcome between incision groups was assessed. The relative risk (RR) and the number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated. The Chi-square and Higgins' I (2) tests were applied to test heterogeneity. Data were pooled using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model if the statistical heterogeneity was > 50% and a fixed-effects model if the statistical heterogeneity was < 50%. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane Database questionnaire and the quality of evidence was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. A total of eight studies (three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five comparative studies) were included, of which six compared vertical and oblique incisions, one horizontal and vertical incisions, and one compared all three techniques. HT harvest was performed through a vertical incision in 329 patients, through an oblique incision in 195 patients and through a horizontal incision in 151 patients. Considering the meta-analysis of the RCTs, the performance of a vertical incision significantly increased the risk of causing IPBSN deficiency compared with both oblique and horizontal incision [RR 1.65 (CI 1.10-2.49, p = 0.02) and RR 2.45 (CI 1.73-3.47, p < 0.0001), respectively]. A significantly larger area of sensory deficit was found with vertical incisions compared with oblique ones, with an MD of 22.91 cm(2) (95% CI 7.73-38.08; p = 0.04). No significant differences were found between the incision techniques in relation to patient-reported outcomes. The same trend was obtained after the performing a meta-analysis of all eight included studies. The quality of evidence in this meta-analysis was determined as "low" to "moderate", mostly due to inadequate methods of randomization and high heterogeneity among the included studies. The performance of a vertical incision to harvest HTs for ACL reconstruction significantly increased the risk of iatrogenic injury to the IPBSN compared with both oblique and horizontal incisions.
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5.
  • Grassi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic Stabilization of Syndesmosis Injuries Reduces Complications and Reoperations as Compared With Screw Fixation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 48:4, s. 1000-1013
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Several devices for obtaining dynamic fixation of the syndesmosis have been introduced in recent years, but their efficacy has been tested in only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs), without demonstrating any clear benefit over the traditional static fixation with screws. Purpose: To perform a level 1 meta-analysis of RCTs to investigate the complications, subjective outcomes, and functional results after dynamic or static fixation of acute syndesmotic injuries. Study Design: Meta-analysis of RCTs. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed of the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase electronic databases, as well as ClinicalTrials.gov for unpublished studies. Eligible studies were RCTs comparing dynamic fixation and static fixation of acute syndesmosis injuries. A meta-analysis was performed, while bias and quality of evidence were rated according to the Cochrane Database questionnaire and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines. Results: Dynamic fixation had a significantly reduced relative risk (RR = 0.55, P =.003) of complications—in particular, the presence of inadequate reduction at the final follow-up (RR = 0.36, P =.0008) and the clinical diagnosis of recurrent diastasis or instability (RR = 0.10, P =.03). The effect was more evident when compared with permanent screws (RR = 0.10, P =.0001). The reoperation rate was similar between the groups (RR = 0.64, P =.07); however, the overall risk was reduced after dynamic fixation as compared with static fixation with permanent screws (RR = 0.24, P =.007). The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score was significantly higher among patients treated with dynamic fixation—6.06 points higher (P =.005) at 3 months, 5.21 points (P =.03) at 12 months, and 8.60 points (P <.00001) at 24 months—while the Olerud-Molander score was similar. The visual analog scale for pain score was reduced at 6 months (–0.73 points, P =.003) and 12 months (–0.52 points, P =.005), and ankle range of motion increased by 4.36° (P =.03) with dynamic fixation. The overall quality of evidence ranged from “moderate” to “very low,” owing to a substantial risk of bias, heterogeneity, indirectness of outcome reporting, and evaluation of a limited number of patients. Conclusion: The dynamic fixation of syndesmotic injuries was able to reduce the number of complications and improve clinical outcomes as compared with static screw fixation—especially malreduction and clinical instability or diastasis—at a follow-up of 2 years. A lower risk of reoperation was found with dynamic fixation as compared with static fixation with permanent screws. However, the lack of patients or personnel blinding, treatment heterogeneity, small samples, and short follow-up limit the overall quality of this evidence. © 2019 The Author(s).
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6.
  • Grassi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Is Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Effective in the Treatment of Acute Muscle Injuries? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 48:4, s. 971-989
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Muscle lesions account for one-third of sport-related injuries, thus representing a substantial problem for both players and their teams. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections is rapidly growing in clinical practice, prompted by an unmet clinical need with a large commercial market. However, after early reports of positive preliminary experience, higher quality studies recently questioned the real benefit provided by PRP injections to promote muscle healing and return to sport. Objective To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections on outcomes following acute muscle injuries. Data sources PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane (CENTRAL), Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, who. int, isrctn.com, greylit.org, opengrey.eu. Eligibility criteria RCTs investigating the effect of PRP for the treatment of acute muscle injuries against at least one control group including patients treated with placebo injection or physical therapy. The outcomes evaluated were time to return to sport, re-injuries, complications, pain, muscle strength, range of motion (ROM)/flexibility, muscle function, and imaging. Results Six studies, involving 374 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The time to return to sport evaluated in all six studies was significantly shorter in patients treated with PRP (mean difference = -7.17 days). However, if only the double-blind studies (n = 2) or studies including only hamstring injuries (n = 3) were considered, non-significant differences were found. Re-injuries (relative risk = -0.03) and complications (relative risk = 0.01) were also similar between the two groups (p > 0.05), nor were any substantial differences found regarding pain, muscle strength, ROM/flexibility, muscle function, and imaging. The performance bias was high risk due to the lack of patient blinding in four studies. The quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was therefore low or very low. Conclusions The promising biological rationale, the positive preclinical findings, and the successful early clinical experience of PRP injections are not confirmed by the recent high-level RCTs. Therefore any benefit in terms of pain, function, return to sport, and recurrence using PRP injections for the treatment of acute muscle injuries is not supported. Due to the bias in the studies, the heterogeneity of the findings, and the limited sample size, the evidence should be considered to be of low or very low quality.
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7.
  • Grassi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Minimally Invasive Versus Open Repair for Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture: Meta-Analysis Showing Reduced Complications, with Similar Outcomes, After Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. - 1535-1386. ; 100:22, s. 1969-1981
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the optimal technique for repairing an acute Achilles tendon rupture. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the complications, subjective outcomes, and functional results between minimally invasive surgery and open repair of an Achilles tendon rupture. METHODS: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EBSCOhost, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing minimally invasive surgery and open repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. A meta-analysis was performed, while bias and the quality of the evidence were rated according to the Cochrane Database questionnaire and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. The meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: Eight studies, with 182 patients treated with minimally invasive surgery and 176 treated with open repair, were included. The meta-analysis showed a significantly decreased risk ratio (RR) of 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.10 to 0.40, p = 0.00001) for overall complications and 0.15 (95% CI = 0.05 to 0.46, p = 0.0009) for wound infection after minimally invasive surgery. Patients treated with minimally invasive surgery were more likely to report good or excellent subjective results (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.33, p = 0.009). No differences between groups were found with respect to reruptures, sural nerve injury, return to preinjury activity level, time to return to work, or ankle range of motion. The overall quality of evidence was generally low because of a substantial risk of bias, heterogeneity, indirectness of outcome reporting, and evaluation of a limited number of patients. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significantly decreased risk of postoperative complications, especially wound infection, when acute Achilles tendon rupture was treated with minimally invasive surgery compared with open surgery. Patients treated with minimally invasive surgery were significantly more likely to report a good or excellent subjective outcome. Current evidence is associated with high heterogeneity and a considerable risk of bias. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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8.
  • Grassi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Patellar resurfacing versus patellar retention in primary total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 26:11, s. 3206-3218
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose The need of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a subject of debate. This systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses aimed to assess and analyze current evidence regarding patellar resurfacing and non-resurfacing in TKA. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in March 2017 in PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared TKA with and without patellar resurfacing considering as outcomes re-operations rate, complications, anterior knee pain, functional scores. The quality of meta-analyses was evaluated with AMSTAR score and the most relevant meta-analysis was determined by applying the Jadad algorithm. Results Ten meta-analyses, published between 2005 and 2015, were included in the systematic review. Two studies found a significantly increased Knee Society Score in the resurfacing group. According to four meta-analyses, anterior knee pain incidence was lower in resurfacing group. Six of the included studies described a greater risk of re-intervention in the non-resurfacing groups. The overall quality of included studies was moderate. The most relevant meta-analysis reported no differences in functional scores and incidence of anterior knee pain between the groups. Conclusions Comparable outcomes were found when comparing patellar resurfacing and non-resurfacing in TKA. The higher risk of re-operations after non-resurfacing should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological limitations of the meta-analyses regarding search criteria, heterogeneity and the inherent bias of easier indication to reoperation when the patella is not resurfaced. There is no clear superiority of patellar resurfacing compared to patellar retention. RAHAM W, 1988, CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, P128
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9.
  • Grassi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Patients With Failed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Have an Increased Posterior Lateral Tibial Plateau Slope: A Case-Controlled Study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Arthroscopy-the Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-8063. ; 35:4, s. 1172-1182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To compare knee anatomical parameters of patients with failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) with those of a control group of sex-matched patients with successful ACL-R. Methods: Forty-three patients (34 male, 9 female) who experienced graft failure after ACL-R were enrolled in the failed group. These patients were matched to a control group of 43 patients who underwent primary ACL-R with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. On magnetic resonance imaging, the following parameters were evaluated: transepicondylar distance, lateral and medial femoral condyle widths, tibial plateau width, notch width index, and the ratio of width and height of the femoral notch, ratio between the height and depth of the lateral and medial femoral condyle, lateral and medial posterior tibial slopes, and anterior subluxation of the lateral and medial tibial plateau. Multivariate regression with backward elimination, including only the previously identified significant variables, defined the independent predictors for revision surgery. Results: The anatomical variables that were significantly different between the 2 study groups were lateral and medial posterior tibial slopes, anterior subluxation of the lateral and medial tibial plateau, medial tibial plateau width, lateral tibial plateau width, medial femoral condyle width, and transepicondylar distance; however, the multivariate regression analysis identified the lateral posterior tibial slope (LTPs), the anterior subluxation of the medial tibial plateau, and the medial femoral condyle width as significant independent predictors (P < .05). The LPTs had the highest coefficient and the highest sensitivity (88%) and specificity (84%) to identify failures when considering the optimal cutoff value of 7.4 degrees. Conclusions: Several anatomical parameters have been identified that differ significantly between patients with failed ACL-R and those without a documented failure. The most accurate predictor of ACL failure was an LTPs >7.4 degrees, with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 84%. Surgeons should consider measuring LTPs during preoperative assessment of ACL-injured patients, and patients with values >7.4 degrees should be considered at high risk of ACL-R failure.
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10.
  • Grassi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Postural stability deficit could predict ankle sprains: a systematic review
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 26:10, s. 3140-3155
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose To perform a systematic review aimed to determine (1) if the postural stability deficit represents a risk factor for ankle sprains; (2) the most effective postural stability evaluation to predict ankle sprains and (3) eventual confounding factors that could influence postural stability and ankle sprain risk. Methods A systematic electronic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL using the search terms (balance) OR (postural stability) matched with (lower limb) OR (ankle) OR (foot) and (sprain) OR (injury) on October 2 2017. All prospective studies that evaluated postural stability as risk factor for ankle sprains were included. The PRISMA Checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. Methodological quality of all included papers was carefully assessed. Results Fifteen studies were included, evaluating 2860 individuals. Various assessment tools or instruments were used to assess postural stability. The injury incidence ranged from 10 to 34%. Postural stability deficit was recognized as risk factor for ankle sprain (OR = 1.22-10.2) in 9 cases [3 out of 3 with Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)]. Among the six studies that measured the center-of-gravity sway, five were able to detect worse postural stability in athletes that sustained an ankle sprain. In nine cases, the measurement of postural stability did not show any statistical relationship with ankle sprains (four out of five with examiner evaluation). In the studies that excluded patients with history of ankle sprain, postural stability was reported to be a significant risk factor in five out of six studies. Conclusions The ultimate role of postural stability as risk factor for ankle sprains was not defined, due to the high heterogeneity of results, patient's populations, sports and methods of postural stability evaluation. Regarding assessment instruments, measurement of center-of-gravity sway could detect athletes at risk, however, standardized tools and protocols are needed to confirm this finding. The SEBT could be considered a promising tool that needs further investigation in wider samples. History of ankle sprains is an important confounding factor, since it was itself a source of postural stability impairment and a risk factor for ankle sprains. These information could guide clinicians in developing screening programs and design further prospective cohort studies comparing different evaluation tools.
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