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Friluftsliv explored : An environmental and outdoor teaching approach for knowledge, emotions and quality of life
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Friluftsliv explored doesn’t only include nature knowledge, techniques in the outdoors and outdoor pedagogics but also covers ecology, human ecology, geography, environmental and societal questions, history, health, biology, craft and lots of practical activities -both for urban and rural friluftsliv. In this translation to English of the revised fifth edition of the Swedish book there are many activities and the text is suitable for the modern day.Friluftsliv embraces the feeling around the campfire, paddling along winding rivers and walking towards the distant blue mountains. But, it is also to whittle a stick, to remember your waterproofs and to find your way home.Knowledge emerges when you combine imagination with facts and the glint in your eyes, using all our outdoor environments: forests, water, the coast, mountains and the nature close at hand.Emotion is to swim in crystal clear water far out in the archipelago and to see the clouds gliding across the sky. But also, to be able to present other sides of yourself, to be fascinated by your own body, the struggling ant and the sight of frost on trees.Quality of life is to experience friluftsliv – as it happens!
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- Sandell, Klas, 1956-
(författare)
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Ecostrategies in theory and practice : Farmer's perspectives on water, nutrients and sustainability in low-resource agriculture in the dry zone of Sri Lanka
- 1988
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PROBLEMThe need for a sustainable man - nature relationship has long been a neglected aspect of development theory. The increasing awareness of this negligence has led to a search for development strategies alternative to conventional industrial growth. The conceptual framework concerning man's relation to nature is, however, unclear, and it is notknown how this is reflected empirically.METHODThree main types of views and practical utilizations of natural resources('ecostrategies') were identified ('domination: 'active adaptation' and 'passive adaptation'). This framework was elaborated upon by investigating five villages characterized by low-resource agriculture (paddy rice and shifting cultivation) in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Information about the farmers' views and practices concerning rainfall andnutrients in agriculture was collected with the help of surveys and semi-structured interviews. The information was collected within an interdisciplinary research project in which Sri Lankan and Swedish researchers collaborated.RESULTSThe green revolution package of High Yielding Varieties (HYV's ), chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals, was introduced in the studied villages mainly in the 1950's and 1960's but still irregularly used. The farmers were well aware of the resulting higher yields when using these industrialized inputs. The majority wanted to increase theiruse, but regarded the cost as a major limitation. Most of thern believed that it was necessary to use the new inputs, but they were also worried about long-term, environmental effects. They contrasted these negative aspects of this type of 'domination' ecostrategy with a more 'adaptation' ecostrategy of the past. There was a belief that there had been a decrease in the fertility of the soil and the quality of crops, whichwas paralleled in the perception of a general decrease in precipitation.In general the farmers' knowledge concerning various aspects of their impact upon nature was quite good. Their perception of a general deterioration of the resource base must mainly be seen as a reflection of increasing resource pressure due to a larger population. In the current context, this means that the traditional 'adaptation' strategy is closer to 'passive adaptation' to nature. A potential for any 'active' development oflocal resources (e.g., dung and greenmanure andlocally adaptevarieties) was generally not recognized. The ethnoperspective of man and nature involves a moral connotation. The worries about the long-term effects of the industrial agricultural inputs without recognized alternatives, present a challenging topic for further research and policy making.
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