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- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-
(författare)
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Friluftslivkonflikter i svenska kustlandskap ur ett planerings- och användarperspektiv : Studier av Luleå och Blekinge skärgårdar
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hav och kust har alltid varit viktiga för oss människor. I svenska kustlandskap har boende, infrastruktur och fiskenäring existerat sedan lång tid tillbaka samtidigt som områdena också varit viktiga för nöje och rekreation. Men mellan olika intressen, samt mellan och inom olika användargrupper samt förvaltning, kan det uppstå målkonflikter. Utgångspunkten för den här avhandlingen är att beskriva och analysera eventuella målkonflikter kopplat till friluftsliv utifrån både ett planerings- och ett användarperspektiv genom två fallstudier i Luleå och Blekinge skärgårdar. Friluftslivet är en del av samhället och dess relevans för fysisk och mental återhämtning ger planering och förvaltning av friluftsliv ett ökat politiskt stöd, samtidigt som tidigare forskning visat att friluftsliv är stark i retoriken - men svag i planeringspraktiken. Därför behövs kunskap som kan utveckla planering och förvaltning av friluftsliv i svenska kustlandskap.Resultaten från den här avhandlingen visar att användarnas perspektiv på målkonflikter i Luleå och Blekinge skärgårdar ännu inte till stora delar har inkluderats i den kommunala planeringen. En slutsats är alltså att det finns skillnader i hur konflikter i samband med friluftsliv beskrivs och identifieras i den fysiska planeringen jämfört med användarnas upplevelser. Det har betydelse för förståelsen av friluftlivskonflikter och hanteringen av dessa. Förutom analys och diskussion av konflikter kopplat till friluftsliv, ingår en fördjupande studie av buller och tystnad som konflikt. Upplevelserna av lugn och ro samt tystnad är centrala för användarna i Luleå och Blekinge skärgårdar. Ett problem som avslöjas är att metoder med decibelnivåer inte avgör skillnader i buller som upplevelse i sig. Upplevelsen av buller och tystnad är nämligen subjektiv. Även zonering undersöks som ett planerings- och förvaltningsverktyg för att hantera friluftslivkonflikter i svenska kustlandskap. Som denna avhandling visar, finns det flertalet exempel på olika sorters zonering i Luleå och Blekinge skärgårdar. När man i planering och förvaltning utgår från ett perspektiv där naturvård och bevarande är utgångspunkterna, så måste ytterligare värderingar och verktyg inbegripas som att inkludera användare med deras olika behov, upplevelser och aktiviteter som äger rum i skärgårdarnas landskap. Att landskapet i sig är av betydelse syns också i resultaten. I fallstudiernas översiktsplaner markeras det värdefulla, attraktiva och unika med skärgårdslandskapet, medan användarna betonar det äkta, naturliga och opåverkade landskapet som grund för deras friluftsupplevelser.Den här avhandlingen tillför kunskap om spänningen mellan olika attityder och synsätt i den fysiska planeringens processer, förvaltning samt friluftslivets användare i svenska kustlandskap. Avhandlingen är också ett tillägg till tidigare kunskap om zonering som ett sätt att hantera konflikter i svenska kustlandskap, där särskilt användarperspektivet är en viktig del. Avhandlingen bidrar även till en grundläggande översikt av fysisk planering i relation till friluftsliv.
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| 2. |
- Ednarsson, Marcus, 1971-
(författare)
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Platser för rovdjursturism? : Vargar, människor och utveckling i Norra Värmland
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis explores the attitudes towards large carnivores as a resource for tourism in northern Värmland. The purpose is to study the carnivore issue and the problems of carnivore tourism from a geographical perspective in order to illustrate the differences and connections between different approaches to a controversial and a potential rural resource.The empirical material is made up mainly of surveys and newspaper articles. Three actor groups were studied: the local community, tourism entrepreneurs, and visitors to carnivore information centers. The studies were underpinned by a two-pronged theoretical frame of reference, the first based on the concepts of place and landscape, the second on tourism as a concept and social phenomenon.Carnivore tourism constituted only a small part of that published in the media about carnivores, which showed that the tourism-oriented perspective on carnivores has been accorded only minor status in the media.The attitudes of the three actor groups towards carnivores and carnivore tourism differ. Attitudes among the local community were generally less favorable than among tourism entrepreneurs and visitors. The community perspective on carnivores and carnivore tourism may be regarded as a insider perspective strongly dominated by the “life place” perspective, one in which forest-oriented culture and practices enjoy strong status, particularly in the more peripheral parts of the geographical study area. Tourism entrepreneurs, who are an important link between the locals and visitors, generally had more positive attitudes, but the group as such was divided depending on the strength of local connections. Entrepreneurs with strong roots in the community had considerably more negative attitudes and usually saw no potential in carnivores as a resource for tourism. These entrepreneurs can be presumed to represent the life place perspective, while other entrepreneurs may be regarded as representing the “destination place” perspective. Visitors were the group with the most positive attitudes, even as they stood for a distinct outsider perspective. They had a keen interest in nature in general and carnivores in particular. Several factors had significant impact on the attitude towards carnivores and carnivore tourism, in particular the view on the naturalness of the wolf, that is, whether it had been reintroduced or had returned on its own, age, education, whether or not the person was a hunter, experience, and knowledge about large carnivores.
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| 3. |
- Sandell, Klas, 1956-
(författare)
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Ecostrategies in theory and practice : Farmer's perspectives on water, nutrients and sustainability in low-resource agriculture in the dry zone of Sri Lanka
- 1988
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PROBLEMThe need for a sustainable man - nature relationship has long been a neglected aspect of development theory. The increasing awareness of this negligence has led to a search for development strategies alternative to conventional industrial growth. The conceptual framework concerning man's relation to nature is, however, unclear, and it is notknown how this is reflected empirically.METHODThree main types of views and practical utilizations of natural resources('ecostrategies') were identified ('domination: 'active adaptation' and 'passive adaptation'). This framework was elaborated upon by investigating five villages characterized by low-resource agriculture (paddy rice and shifting cultivation) in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Information about the farmers' views and practices concerning rainfall andnutrients in agriculture was collected with the help of surveys and semi-structured interviews. The information was collected within an interdisciplinary research project in which Sri Lankan and Swedish researchers collaborated.RESULTSThe green revolution package of High Yielding Varieties (HYV's ), chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals, was introduced in the studied villages mainly in the 1950's and 1960's but still irregularly used. The farmers were well aware of the resulting higher yields when using these industrialized inputs. The majority wanted to increase theiruse, but regarded the cost as a major limitation. Most of thern believed that it was necessary to use the new inputs, but they were also worried about long-term, environmental effects. They contrasted these negative aspects of this type of 'domination' ecostrategy with a more 'adaptation' ecostrategy of the past. There was a belief that there had been a decrease in the fertility of the soil and the quality of crops, whichwas paralleled in the perception of a general decrease in precipitation.In general the farmers' knowledge concerning various aspects of their impact upon nature was quite good. Their perception of a general deterioration of the resource base must mainly be seen as a reflection of increasing resource pressure due to a larger population. In the current context, this means that the traditional 'adaptation' strategy is closer to 'passive adaptation' to nature. A potential for any 'active' development oflocal resources (e.g., dung and greenmanure andlocally adaptevarieties) was generally not recognized. The ethnoperspective of man and nature involves a moral connotation. The worries about the long-term effects of the industrial agricultural inputs without recognized alternatives, present a challenging topic for further research and policy making.
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| 5. |
- Wolf-Watz, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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On Environmental Grounds : Outdoor Recreation, Place Relations and Environmental Sustainability
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the relationship between outdoor recreation and environmental concern as part of the wider issue of environmental sustainability in late-modern societies. It includes studies of environmentalists’ (that is environmentally committed individuals’) preferences and motivations with regard to outdoor recreation, and covers the inquiries of whether and how outdoor recreation can influence levels of environmental concern.The questions addressed are how environmentalists engage in outdoor recreation, with what motives, and whether participation in outdoor recreation can influence levels of environmental concern. Empirically, the thesis is based on a mixed methods approach, including analyses of data from a national survey on outdoor recreation and a qualitative case study of the organization Nature and Youth Sweden (Fältbiologerna). Theoretically, it is based on the concepts of place, habitus and field.Study results show that environmentally committed individuals favor participation in appreciative activities in areas perceived as pristine, preferably away from urban environments. Motivations refer to these preferences, but also to aspects of discursive context, social identity and social position. These aspects are also found to be crucial regarding the influence of outdoor recreation on environmental concern. Thus, study results also show a lack of support for environmental concern as an automatic outcome of outdoor recreation. It is rather a combination of interconnected conditions referred to as: favorable place relations, adequate outdoor experience and appropriate social context.The thesis contributes to new knowledge on the relationships and connections between outdoor recreation and environmental sustainability. While the results are of importance with regard to planning for outdoor recreation and development of nature-based tourism, they are of particular interest for environmental organizations, schools and other institutions working for a more sustainable society.
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