| 1. |
- Becker, Matthias, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A Many-Core based Execution Framework for IEC 61131-3
- 2015
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Ingår i: IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. ; , s. 4525-4530
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Programmable logic controllers are widely used for the control of automationsystems. The standard IEC 61131-3 defines the execution model as well as theprogramming languages for such systems. Nowadays, actuators and sensorsconnect to the programmable logic controller via automation buses. While suchbuses, as well as the sensors and actuators, become more and more powerful, ashift away from the current distributed operation of automation systems, closeto the field level, becomes possible. Instead, execution of complex controlfunctions can be relocated to more powerful hardware, and technologies. Thispaper presents an execution framework for IEC 61131-3, based on a many-coreprocessors. The presented execution model exploits the characteristics of theIEC 61131-3 applications as well as the characteristics of the many-core processor,yielding a predictable execution. We present the platform architectureand an algorithm to allocate a number of IEC 61131-3 conform applications.Experimental as well as simulation based evaluation is provided.
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| 2. |
- Becker, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Reliability of Many-Core Platforms through Thermal Feedback Control
- 2014
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Ingår i: Performance, Power and Predictability of Many-Core Embedded Systems 3PMCES'14. - Dresden, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a low overhead thermal management approach to increase reliability of many-core embedded real-time systems. Each core is controlled by a feedback controller. We adapt the utilization of the core in order to decrease the dynamic power consumption and thus the corresponding heat development. Sophisticated control mechanisms allow us to migrate the load in advance, before reaching critical temperature values and thus we can migrate in a safe way with a guarantee to meet all deadlines.
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| 3. |
- Becker, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Limiting temperature gradients on many-cores by adaptive reallocation of real-time workloads
- 2014
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Ingår i: 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2014. - 9781479948468 ; , s. Article number 7005241-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advent of many-core processors came with the increase in computational power needed for future applications. However new challenges arrived at the same time, especially for the real-time community. Each core on such a processor is a heat source and uneven usage can lead to hot spots on the processor, affecting its lifetime and reliability. For real-time systems, it is therefore of paramount importance to keep the temperature differences between the individual cores below critical values, in order to prevent premature failure of the system. We argue that this problem can not be solved by traditional approaches, since the growing number of cores makes them intractable. We rather argue to split the problem in the spacial domain and control the temperature on core level. The cores control their temperature by rearranging the load in a predictable manner during runtime. To achieve this, a feedback controller is implemented on each core. We conclude our work with a simulation based evaluation of the proposed approach comparing its performance against a previously presented algorithm.
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| 4. |
- Becker, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Real-Time Tasks onto Many-Core Systems considering Message Flows
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Work-in-Progress Session of the 20th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium. - Berlin, Germany. ; , s. 17-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we focus on the task mapping problem for many-core real-time systems. The growing number of cores connected by a Network-on-Chip (NoC) calls for sophisticated mapping techniques to meet the growing demands of real-time applications. Hardware should be used in an efficient way such that unnecessary resource usage is avoided. Because of the NP-hardness of the problem, heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques are used to find good solutions. We further consider periodic communication between tasks and we focus on a static mapping solution.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Meng, et al.
(författare)
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On providing real-time guarantees in cloud-based platforms
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems - Proceedings, WFCS. - 9781509023394
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud technologies are gaining more and more attentions in recent years. Cloud-based service brings benefits in cost, energy efficiency, sharing of resources, increased flexibility, adaptability and evolvability. However, there are a number of associated challenges that need to be properly addressed before applying the cloud technique generally in industries. Providing efficient and predictable computation and communication is one of the important challenges, since many industrial systems (e.g. a control system) have specific timing requirements. Our current work thus focuses on guaranteeing the predictability of a cloud-based service. Virtualization, as one of the key technologies in Cloud Computing, is used to abstract details of resources away from end-services which simplifies the resource sharing. It thus improves the resource utilization and saves budget for end-users. In this preliminary work, we have implemented a distributed system using virtualization techniques (including virtual machines and virtual switches). Additionally, we generate a number of experiments to investigate how QoS policies can help us to provide real-time communication guarantees.
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| 6. |
- Sandström, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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On Jitter in Time Partitioned Real-Time Systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA), 2012 IEEE 17th Conference on. - 9781467347358 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent trends towards adopting hypervisors, hierarchical scheduling, and other virtualization technologies that achieve partitioned access to the CPU and other resources impose significant impact with respect to jitter performance in embedded real-time systems. In this paper we make a first step towards characterization, modeling and calculation of this jitter.
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| 7. |
- Yang, Jinsong, et al.
(författare)
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Data Distribution Service for Industrial Automation
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. ; , s. Art.nr: 6489544-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IEC 61499 is an open standard for the next generation of distributed control and automation. Data Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems (DDS) is a specification of a publish/subscribe middleware for distributed systems, created by the Object Management Group (OMG) to standardize a data-centric publish-subscribe programming model for distributed systems. This paper evaluates the DDS communication performance based on a model built within the IEC 61499 standard and compares it with the traditional socket based solution for communication. According to the test results, the DDS communication has the potential to reduce the complexity and is suggested as a suitable solution for some classes of industrial control systems.
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