| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Madeira, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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Malnutrition among older adults living in Portuguese nursing homes : the PEN-3S study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 22:3, s. 486-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To characterise the nutritional status and to identify malnutrition-associated variables of older adults living in Portuguese nursing homes.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics, self-reported morbidity, eating-related problems, nutritional status, cognitive function, depression symptoms, loneliness feelings and functional status were collected by trained nutritionists through a computer-assisted face-to-face structured interview followed by standardised anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with being at risk of malnutrition/malnourished.SETTING: Portuguese nursing homes.SUBJECTS: Nationally representative sample of the Portuguese population aged 65 years or over living in nursing homes.RESULTS: A total of 1186 individuals (mean age 83·4 years; 72·8 % women) accepted to participate. According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment, 4·8 (95 % CI 3·2, 7·3) % were identified as malnourished and 38·7 (95 % CI 33·5, 44·2) % were at risk of malnutrition. These percentages increased with age and were significantly higher for women. Logistic regression showed (OR; 95 % CI) that older adults reporting no or little appetite (6·5; 2·7, 15·3), those revealing symptoms of depression (2·6; 1·6, 4·2) and those who were more dependent in their daily living activities (4·7; 2·0, 11·1) were also at higher odds of being malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition and risk of malnutrition are prevalent among nursing home residents in Portugal. It is crucial to routinely screen for nutritional disorders, as well as risk factors such as symptoms of depression and lower functional status, to prevent and treat malnutrition.
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| 5. |
- Madeira, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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National survey of the Portuguese elderly nutritional status : study protocol
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Worldwide we are facing a serious demographic challenge due to the dramatic growth of the population over 60 years. It is expected that the proportion of this population will nearly double from 12 to 22 %, between 2015 and 2050. This demographic shift comes with major health and socio-economic concerns. Nutrition is a fundamental determinant of both health and disease and its role in extending a healthy lifespan is the object of considerable research. Notably, malnutrition is one of the main threats to health and quality of life among the elderly. Therefore, knowledge about nutritional status among the elderly is essential for the promotion and maintenance of healthy ageing and to support the development of health protection policies and equity in elderly health care. Methods: This is a nationwide nutrition survey of the Portuguese population over 65 years old, with data collection through face-to-face interviews. A representative and random sample of community dwelling elderly and nursing homes residents will be obtained by multistage sampling stratified per main Portuguese regions, sex and age groups. Minimum sample size was estimated to be 2077 elderly (979 in the community and 1098 in nursing homes). Data will be collected on food habits and eating patterns, nutritional status, food insecurity, lifestyle, self-rated general health status and self-reported diseases, functionality, loneliness, cognitive function, emotional status and demographic and socio-economic characterization. Discussion: This is the first national survey to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition of the Portuguese population above 65 years old, including those living in nursing homes. It will allow the identification of population subgroups of elderly with increased odds of malnutrition and nutritional risk. In addition, this survey will contribute to the identification of psychosocial and clinical predictors of malnutrition among elderly, which is an important risk factor for other devastating medical conditions.
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| 6. |
- dos Santos, Daniela Micheline, et al.
(författare)
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Prosthesis auricular with osseointegrated implants and quality of life.
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Journal of craniofacial surgery. - 1536-3732. ; 21:1, s. 94-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implants in craniofacial reconstructions improve prostheses retention and stability, comfort, and safety for the patient. According to biomechanical principles, the treatment success regarding osseointegration maintenance depends on an adequate surgery technique associated to a retention system that provides favorable tension distribution to implants. Implants in the mastoid area are a very important aid for retention of auricular prostheses. Color stability of resin and silicone is an important factor for longevity of auricular prostheses, and the high degree of satisfaction of patients with head and neck defects receiving epithesial reconstruction in the maxillofacial region is demonstrated.
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| 7. |
- Graça, Juliana Santos, et al.
(författare)
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On the importance of controlling film architecture in detecting prostate specific antigen
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 434, s. 1175-1182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunosensors made with nanostructured films are promising for detecting cancer biomarkers, even at early stages of the disease, but this requires control of film architecture to preserve the biological activity of immobilized antibodies. In this study, we used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to detect Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) with immunosensors produced with layer-by-layer (LbL) films containing anti-PSA antibodies in two distinct film architectures. The antibodies were either adsorbed from solutions in which they were free, or from solutions where they were incorporated into liposomes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG). Incorporation into DPPG liposomes was confirmed with surface plasmon resonance experiments, while the importance of electrostatic interactions on the electrical response was highlighted using the Finite Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD). The sensitivity of both architectures was sufficient to detect the threshold value to diagnose prostate cancer (ca. 4 ng mL−1). In contrast to expectation, the sensor with the antibodies incorporated into DPPG liposomes had lower sensitivity, though the range of concentrations amenable to detection increased, according to the fitting of the EIS data using the Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption model. The performance of the two film architectures was compared qualitatively by plotting the data with a multidimensional projection technique, which constitutes a generic approach for optimizing immunosensors and other types of sensors.
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| 8. |
- Schwartz Filho, Humberto Osvaldo, et al.
(författare)
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Titanium surfaces with nanotopography modulate cytokine production in cultured human gingival fibroblasts
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 100:10, s. 2629-2636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implant topography is an important factor that influences many cell types. To understand the role of topography in the inflammatory events, we evaluated the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by the release pattern of cytokines. HGFs were cultured on Ti discs for 24 and 48 h. Four different surface treatments were used: machining method (turned), blasting followed by an acid-etching method (BAE), oxidative nanopatterning (ON) method, and an association of blasting followed by an acid-etching plus oxidative nanopatterning (BAE+ON) method. Extracellular levels of IL-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), IL-4, and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were observed in all surfaces after 24 h which decreased after 48 h. BAE, ON, and BAE+ON surfaces showed a reduction in IL-6 levels compared with the turned after 48 h (p < 0.05). On one hand, IL-8 production was lower in BAE+ON in comparison to the turned surface (p < 0.05). On the other hand, IL-4 showed increased levels with 48 h, which were significantly different between turned, BAE, and ON surfaces, but not with BAE+ON. Additionally, TGF-β and IL-10 production were not detected. This study indicates that nanotopography might be important in the modulation of the inflammatory response in cultured HGFs.
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