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- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of intoxication and alcohol expectancies on suggestibility as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) Annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses and suspects in the U.S. are routinely questioned by law enforcement yet little is known about the effects of intoxication in legal contexts. The sparse research on the effect of intoxication on suggestibility is mixed. The current study will attempt to help clarify these mixed findings. Intoxicated, placebo, and control participants will complete the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale after consuming drinks consistent with their randomly assigned condition. Suggestibility is expected to be highest in intoxicated participants, lowest for control participants, and placebo participants are expected to fall in the middle. Implications for the criminal justice system will be discussed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Schreiber Compo, Nadja, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol and witness memory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plenary presentation at the 5th annual forensic science symposium at the International Forensic Research Institute Symposium (IFRI). Miami, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A considerable number of witnesses and victims of crime are under the influence of alcohol. Both expert witnesses and jurors believe that alcohol impairs witness memory and a large body of research on alcohol's effect on basic cognitive processes suggests impairment. Only recently has research begun to investigate whether these basic research findings translate into real-world investigative contexts and under which circumstances intoxicated witnesses are impaired when remembering faces and entire events. Surprisingly, both field and lab studies suggest that alcohol may have little effect on witnesses' ability to remember a face or details of an event. Recent research further suggests that memory for faces may not be affected even at high breath alcohol levels. There is some evidence that how investigators interview intoxicated witnesses and whether witnesses are sober or intoxicated at time of the witness interview may affect the quality and quantity of their recall. Implications of this research for real-world investigative interviewing practices and policies are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Schreiber, Olof, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Lactobacillus reuteri on the colonic microbiota in health and DSS-induced colitis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the impact of Lactobacillus reuteri and Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS) on the colonic microbiota by investigating bacterial content and composition in the individual colonic mucus layers and mesenteric lymph nodes. Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups: control, L. reuteri, DSS and L. reuteri+DSS. L. reuteri was given as a cocktail containing 109 cfu of four different strains of L. reuteri by gavage daily for 16 days. Colitis was induced by 5% DSS in the drinking water for 9 days. The firmly and loosely mucus layers and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected, homogenized and its bacterial content was monitored using both culturing as well as the molecular method terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). Results: In controls, the number of bacteria was significantly lower in the inner firmly adherent mucus layer than the outer loosely adherent layer, indicating a barrier function of the inner mucus layer. The composition of the microbiota was also different between layers. L. reuteri prevented colitis but did not alter the microbiota. DSS obliterated the differences between mucus layers both in terms of number of bacteria, and bacterial composition, indicating that DSS destroys the mucus regardless of the addition of L. reuteri. L. reuteri did however significantly decrease bacterial translocation in the DSS-model. Conclusion: The firmly adherent mucus layer serves as a barrier towards luminal bacteria. DSS alters the colonic microbiota and destroys the mucus barrier. L. reuteri ameliorates DSS-colitis by decreasing bacterial translocation.
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