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Sökning: WFRF:(Scott James) > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt

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1.
  • Benjamin, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Redefine statistical significance
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 2397-3374. ; 2:1, s. 6-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Balogh, Péter, 1982- (författare)
  • Perpetual borders : German-Polish cross-border contacts in the Szczecin area
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Borderlands are often peripheral geographically, administratively, and economically. A particularly illustrative case is the Szczecin area at the border between Poland and Germany, where a large city on one side neighbours to a sparsely populated hinterland on the other. There is a number of similar cases throughout Europe, but studies on them point to a mixed level of linkages following the opening and removal of the physical border.At the project’s start there were few if any studies on the Szczecin area per se, which was here studied through various methods. On the one hand, different pre-EU enlargement plans and visions for the area’s development were compared with practices and realities of recent years. This shows that earlier imaginations on the development potentials have not quite materialised, although some of them were probably too optimistic and ambitious from the beginning. Some of the area’s potentials following EU-enlargement have been more successfully exploited than others, and disproportionately by actors coming from outside. On the other hand, cross-border contacts were studied in the discourses on and attitudes towards the other side among local and regional elites, and among local residents more generally. This revealed a polarised attitudinal landscape, not least when compared to country-wide opinion surveys in both Germany and Poland. This is in line with other studies showing that identities are particularly accentuated in border situations, where the Other is more frequently encountered.These results support recent investigations pointing to a continued relevance of the border even after the physical barriers are removed. At the same time, another contribution of this work to border studies is that the time and contingency of the importance of identities and of the border needs more attention. In the Szczecin area, awareness of national identities and of the boundary appeared to be particularly high just after changes in the border’s status occurred – i.e. in 1989–1991, and then around the years 2007–2010. But while its importance may be fluctuating over time, given the opportunities and resources the boundary provides it will always be maintained in some forms.
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7.
  • Battersby, C., et al. (författare)
  • The Origins Space Telescope
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; 2:8, s. 596-599
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Origins Space Telescope, one of four large Mission Concept Studies sponsored by NASA for review in the 2020 US Astrophysics Decadal Survey, will open unprecedented discovery space in the infrared, unveiling our cosmic origins.
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  • Bayat, Narges, 1982- (författare)
  • Toxicity and biological impact of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles : Focus on the vascular toxicity of ultra-small titanium dioxide nanoparticles
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in different technologies has led to tremendous advancement in those fields.  Moreover, there is growing interest in application of ultra-small NPs (USNPs) at 1-3 nm due to their distinct molecule like features. Parallel to these promises, there is a growing concern regarding their safety. The main goal of this thesis was to investigate the toxicity and underlying mechanisms following exposure to different metal and metal oxide NPs as well as USNPs. Their effects were studied on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on hepatocytes and endothelial cells and finally in vivo on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). By selecting the rutile form of titanium dioxide (TiO2-USNPs) without intrinsic or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, we could study biological impacts solely due to size and direct interaction with the cells. We showed that TiO2-USNPs were not cytotoxic but induced DNA damage. They had anti-angiogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. Also, at high concentrations they caused complete mortality in zebrafish embryos exposed in water, while at lower concentrations induced delay in hatching. When injected they caused malformations. They specifically induced the differential overexpression of transcripts involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in endothelial cells. In hepatocytes they induced the overexpression of proteins in the electron transport chain and decreased lipids in lipid rafts. At 30 nm, TiO2-NPs, were also not cytotoxic but were genotoxic. They had no effects in vivo or on angiogenesis. However, they induced differential expression of transcripts involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and heat shock response as well as cholesterol metabolism. This suggests a more toxic response in the cells compared to TiO2-USNPs.  Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) despite having the highest oxidative activity among the NPs studied, were not severely cyto- or genotoxic but induced expression of transcripts involved in early ER stress response. Copper oxide (CuO-NPs) was the most toxic NPs studied due to both ion release and ROS production, affecting lipid metabolism of the cells. Silver (Ag-NPs) were also cytotoxic and caused the disruption of cellular components and lipids. ZnO-NPs were not cytotoxic, did not affect cellular lipids but they increased the size of vacuoles in yeast cells. Finally by using superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) with different coatings, and using a mathematical model, a nano impact index (INI) was developed as a tool to enable the comparison of nanotoxicology data.
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