| 1. |
- Hultin, Magnus, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a program for complementary education of International Medical Graduates in Sweden : to include Swedish or not
- 2019
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Ingår i: AMEE 2019 : an International Association for Medical Education. - : AMEE. ; , s. 1390-1390
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: International medical graduates (IMGs) can either select to take a proficiency test to become licensed to practice in Sweden or to take a 1-2-year complimentary medical education (CME) to qualify for internship. Both paths test the participant for proficiency according to the national Swedish standards for becoming a licensed physician and are given in Swedish. The national standards include medical knowledge, interprofessional skills, communication with patient, relatives and other personnel, and scientific scholarship. A prerequisite for the CME is a passing grade in a Swedish language level 3 course at an accredited adult education center. A recurring observation was that both those failing the proficiency test for IMGs and those taking previous CME was lacking in Swedish proficiency.Summary of Work: A programmatic approach was taken to implement systematic training in Swedish applied in medicine at this two-year CME that is mainly based on distance training using videoconference systems. During the first year the language training corresponds to 50% of the curriculum. Research questions: Did the students at the new CME perceive the education in Swedish as valuable and did the students pass the examinations? Design: Cross-sectional study based on the course evaluations and the results of the examinations from the first semester.Summary of Results: 28 students were admitted to the program and 22 remained with the course for the finals of the first semester. The majority had increased their proficiency in Swedish as measured in vocabulary and correct use of words, but the grammar had not improved. Half of the students failed the summative assessment and three of the students also failed the majority of the formative assessments. The participants scored the relevance and the value of the Swedish training as high.Discussion and Conclusions: The students appreciate the training in Swedish while also having difficulties to pass the tests. A more comprehensive study is warranted to study how to best deliver language training to IMGs.Take-home Messages: Medical education for IMGs needs to take language proficiency into account.
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| 2. |
- Sundbom, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Reflekterande skrivande och personligt samtal i läkarutbildningen: nya moment i psykologikurs bidrog till ökad självkännedom : [Reflective writing and personal talks in medical education: New segments in the medical psychology course helped to increase self-awarness]
- 2013
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 110:25-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a national goal for medical students to gain self-awareness during their training. However, teaching methods and examination procedures supporting this goal are rarely discussed. Two new course segments – weekly newsletters and personal talks – aimed at stimulating self-reflection and self-awareness during the Medical Psychology course are presented, along with a student evaluation and the teachers’ experiences of the segments. The course evaluations and teachers’ comments support the perception that the new segments help to increase self-awareness. The teachers share the experience that the motivation, trust and openness shown by most of the students in their letters and talks are an impetus and important basis for increased self-reflection and self-awareness. For many students, personal talks have been important from a psychosocial point of view. It was possible to capture those in need of support and mediate further contacts when necessary.
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| 3. |
- Andersen, Peter M., 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Caregivers’ divergent perspectives on patients’ well-being and attitudes towards hastened death in Germany, Poland and Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2167-8421 .- 2167-9223. ; 23:3-4, s. 252-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), patients and their families are faced with existential decisions concerning life-prolonging and -shortening measures. Correct anticipation of patient’s well-being and preferences is a prerequisite for patient-centered surrogate decision making.Methods: In Germany (N = 84), Poland (N = 77) and Sweden (N = 73) patient-caregiver dyads were interviewed. Standardized questionnaires on well-being (ADI-12 for depressiveness; ACSA for global quality of life) and wish for hastened death (SAHD) were used in ALS patients. Additionally, caregivers were asked to fill out the same questionnaires by anticipating patients’ perspective (surrogate perspective).Results: Caregivers significantly underestimated patients’ well-being in Germany and Poland. For Swedish caregivers, there were just as many who underestimated and overestimated well-being. The same was true for wish for hastened death in all three countries. For Swedish and Polish patients, caregivers’ estimation of well-being was not even associated with patients’ responses and the same was true for estimation of wish for hastened death in all three countries. Older caregivers and those with the most frequent encounter with the patient were the closest in their rating of well-being and wish for hastened death to the patients’ actual state, while caregivers with chronic disease him/herself were more likely to underestimate patient’s well-being.Discussion: Despite distinct cultural differences, there was a clear discrepancy between patients’ and caregivers’ perspective on patients’ well-being and preferences towards life in all three countries. This possible bias in caregivers’ judgment needs to be taken into account in surrogate decision making.
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| 4. |
- Andersen, Peter M., 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic decisions in ALS patients : cross-cultural differences and clinical implications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 265:7, s. 1600-1606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Quantitative analysis of decision-making on therapeutic options in different sociocultural context in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Methods: ALS patients (n = 244) were consecutively recruited in Germany (n = 83), Poland (n = 83), and Sweden (n = 78) in a prospective cross-cultural study (www.NEEDSinALS.com). They were interviewed on preferences for therapeutic techniques including invasive (IV) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), as well as percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and on hypothetical termination of these using quantitative questions. Using standardized questionnaires, religiousness, personal values, quality of life, and depressiveness were assessed.Results: NIV was most frequently used in Germany and PEG in Sweden. Swedish patients were most liberal on initiation and termination of PEG, NIV and IV. Polish patients were mostly undecided and were least likely to consider discontinuing supportive management. Current use was partly associated with age, gender and state of physical function; also, financial support explained some variance. Future preferences on therapeutic options from the patient’s perspective were also closely associated with cultural factors. The more oriented towards traditional and conservative values, the less likely patients were to decide for invasive therapeutic devices (IV, PEG), the least likely to have ideations to discontinue any device and the more likely to have an undecided attitude.Conclusions: Current use of therapeutic options is determined by medical condition in analogy to clinical guidelines. For future considerations, other factors such as cultural background are crucial, yielding hurdles to be regarded in the implementation of advanced directives in a multicultural environment.
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| 5. |
- Hadding, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Being in-between; exploring former cult members' experiences of an acculturation process using the cultural formulation interview (DSM-5)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-0640. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore the experiences of acculturation into secular Swedish society of former members of cults, with particular focus on mental health, needs and resources.Design: Qualitative method using the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) from the DSM-5 as an interview guide. Analysis of participants’ experiences of acculturation through systematic text condensation.Participants: Eleven Swedish former members of ideological or religion-based cults.Setting: Swedish mainstream, secular society.Results: Former cult members experience an ‘in-between time’ in the period after leaving the cult and find themselves in a confusing, chaotic state. They describe having lived in an honor culture where acts of violence were normalized. In the cult, they felt disconnected from themselves, and post-cult they try to regain access to their own values and feelings as well as create new bonds with family members and friends outside the cult. They find it hard to talk about their cult background and find relief in communicating with other former cult members. In their post-cult life, they eventually start seeing the world in a brighter, more hopeful way than before. However, they are also at risk of re-experiencing cult-related traumatic events and of new traumatic experiences within the post-cult acculturation process, and of persistent psychological distress.Conclusion: Former cult members face a challenging acculturation process, having lost a functioning worldview upon leaving the cult but not yet gained another to take its place. While the in-between time is often transient, they may need support from the healthcare system, especially regarding mental health concerns, while establishing themselves into mainstream society.
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| 6. |
- Hadding, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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How can I trust someone who lives in the darkness? : former cult members’ perceptions of consultations with healthcare professionals
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of coercion, abuse, and manipulation. - : International Cultic Studies Association. - 2710-401X .- 2710-4028. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study explores former cult members’ perceptions of consultations with healthcare professionals for mental illness that they relate to their cult involvement. The study also aims to identify the needs, obstacles, and facilitating factors related to these consultations.Design: Qualitative methods using semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using systematic text condensation.Participants: Nineteen former cult members who had been in contact with Swedish healthcare professionals due to mental illness related to their cult involvement.Results: Former cult members remain affected by cult belief systems, rules, and ideations even after leaving a cult. This leads to ambivalence and inner conflict for the former cult member in a healthcare consultation. Care providers are perceived as ignoring cult experiences and lacking knowledge of a cult’s impact on an individual.Conclusions: To understand, help, and work with former cult members, healthcare professionals need to know about cults and the possible impacts of cult involvement. Person- and patient-centeredness in the form of non-judgmental attitudes, validation of experiences, and awareness of the psychosocial situation are important in consultations with these patients. More over, healthcare providers need to acknowledge cultural and existential aspects of a former cult member’s life, both in the present and from earlier experiences in the cult.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Karling, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Det svårare samtalet
- 2021. - 4
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Ingår i: Kliniska färdigheter. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144135885 ; , s. 39-44
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Karling, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Samtalet mellan patient och läkare
- 2021. - 4
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Ingår i: Kliniska färdigheter. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144135885 ; , s. 29-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Semb, Olof, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Distress after a single violent crime : how shame-proneness and event-related shame work together as risk factors for post-victimization symptoms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 109:1, s. 3-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase understanding of post-victimization symptom development, the present study investigated the role of shame- and guilt-proneness and event-related shame and guilt as potential risk factors. 35 individuals (M age = 31.7 yr.; 48.5% women), recently victimized by a single event of severe violent crime, were assessed regarding shame- and guilt-proneness, event-related shame and guilt, and post-victimization symptoms. The mediating role of event-related shame was investigated with structural equation modeling (SEM), using bootstrapping. The guilt measures were unrelated to each other and to post-victimization symptoms. The shame measures were highly intercorrelated and were both positively correlated to more severe post-victimization symptom levels. Event-related shame as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms was demonstrated by prevalent significant indirect effects. Both shame measures are potent risk factors for distress after victimization, whereby part of the effect of shame-proneness on post-victimization symptoms is explained by event-related shame.
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