| 1. |
- Campeanu, Gabriel, 1982-
(författare)
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GPU Support for Component-based Development of Embedded Systems
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One pressing challenge of many modern embedded systems is to successfully deal with the considerable amount of data that originates from the interaction with the environment. A recent solution comes from the use of GPUs. Equipped with a parallel execution model, the GPU excels in parallel processing applications, providing an improved performance compared to the CPU.Another trend in the embedded systems domain is the use of component-based development. This software engineering paradigm that promotes construction of applications through the composition of software components, has been successfully used in the development of embedded systems. However, the existing approaches provide no specific support to develop embedded systems with GPUs. As a result, components with GPU capability need to encapsulate all the required GPU information in order to be successfully executed by the GPU. This leads to component specialization to specific platforms, hence drastically impeding component reusability.Our main goal is to facilitate component-based development of embedded systems with GPUs. We introduce the concept of flexible component which increases the flexibility to design embedded systems with GPUs, by allowing the system developer to decided where to place the component, i.e., either on the CPU or GPU. Furthermore, we provide means to automatically generate the required information for flexible components corresponding to their hardware placement, and to improve component communication. Through the introduced support, components with GPU capability are platform-independent, being capable to be executed on a large variety of hardware (i.e., platforms with different GPU characteristics). Furthermore, an optimization step is introduced, which groups connected flexible components into single entities that behave as regular components. Dealing with components that can be executed either by the CPU or GPU, we also introduce an allocation optimization method. The proposed solution, implemented using a mathematical solver, offers alternative options in optimizing particular system goals (e.g., memory and energy usage).
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| 2. |
- Papatheocharous, Efi, et al.
(författare)
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The GRADE taxonomy for supporting decision-making of asset selection in software-intensive system development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 100, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The development of software-intensive systems includes many decisions involving various stakeholders with often conflicting interests and viewpoints. Objective: Decisions are rarely systematically documented and sporadically explored. This limits the opportunity for learning and improving on important decisions made in the development of software-intensive systems. Method: In this work, we enable support for the systematic documentation of decisions, improve their traceability and contribute to potentially improved decision-making in strategic, tactical and operational contexts. Results: We constructed a taxonomy for documentation supporting decision-making, called GRADE. GRADE was developed in a research project that required composition of a common dedicated language to make feasible the identification of new opportunities for better decision support and evaluation of multiple decision alternatives. The use of the taxonomy has been validated through thirty three decision cases from industry. Conclusion: This paper occupies this important yet greatly unexplored research gap by developing the GRADE taxonomy that serves as a common vocabulary to describe and classify decision-making with respect to architectural assets.
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| 3. |
- Petersen, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Choosing Component Origins for Software Intensive Systems: In-House, COTS, OSS or Outsourcing?-A Case Survey
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 44:3, s. 237-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of which software component to use influences the success of a software system. Only a few empirical studies investigate how the choice of components is conducted in industrial practice. This is important to understand to tailor research solutions to the needs of the industry. Existing studies focus on the choice for off-the-shelf (OTS) components. It is, however, also important to understand the implications of the choice of alternative component sourcing options (CSOs), such as outsourcing versus the use of OTS. Previous research has shown that the choice has major implications on the development process as well as on the ability to evolve the system. The objective of this study is to explore how decision making took place in industry to choose among CSOs. Overall, 22 industrial cases have been studied through a case survey. The results show that the solutions specifically for CSO decisions are deterministic and based on optimization approaches. The non-deterministic solutions proposed for architectural group decision making appear to suit the CSO decision making in industry better. Interestingly, the final decision was perceived negatively in nine cases and positively in seven cases, while in the remaining cases it was perceived as neither positive nor negative.
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| 4. |
- Sentilles, Séverine, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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A Component Model for Control-Intensive Distributed Embedded Systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5282. - : Springer. - 9783540878902 ; , s. 310-317
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we focus on design of a class of distributed embedded systems that primarily perform real-time controlling tasks. We propose a two-layer component model for design and development of such embedded systems with the aim of using component-based development for decreasing the complexity in design and providing a ground for analyzing them and predict their properties, such as resource consumption and timing behavior. The two-layer model is used to efficiently cope with different design paradigms on different abstraction levels. The model is illustrated by an example from the vehicular domain.
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| 5. |
- Wohlin, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Towards evidence-based decision-making for identification and usage of assets in composite software : A research roadmap
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Software. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 2047-7473 .- 2047-7481. ; 33:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software engineering is decision intensive. Evidence-based software engineering is suggested for decision-making concerning the use of methods and technologies when developing software. Software development often includes the reuse of software assets, for example, open-source components. Which components to use have implications on the quality of the software (e.g., maintainability). Thus, research is needed to support decision-making for composite software. This paper presents a roadmap for research required to support evidence-based decision-making for choosing and integrating assets in composite software systems. The roadmap is developed as an output from a 5-year project in the area, including researchers from three different organizations. The roadmap is developed in an iterative process and is based on (1) systematic literature reviews of the area; (2) investigations of the state of practice, including a case survey and a survey; and (3) development and evaluation of solutions for asset identification and selection. The research activities resulted in identifying 11 areas in need of research. The areas are grouped into two categories: areas enabling evidence-based decision-making and those related to supporting the decision-making. The roadmap outlines research needs in these 11 areas. The research challenges and research directions presented in this roadmap are key areas for further research to support evidence-based decision-making for composite software. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the architecture of a decision support ecosystem for system component selection
- 2017
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Ingår i: 11th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, SysCon 2017 - Proceedings. - 9781509046225 - 9781509046232
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When developing complex software-intensive systems, it is nowadays common practice to base the solution partly on existing software components. Selecting which components to use becomes a critical decision in development, but it is currently not well supported through methods and tools. This paper discusses how a decision support system for this problem could benefit from a software ecosystem approach, where participants share knowledge across organizations both through reuse of analysis models, and through partially disclosed past decision cases. We show how the ecosystem architecture becomes fundamental to deal with efficient knowledge sharing, while respecting constraints on integrity of intellectual property. A concrete architecture proposal is outlined, which is a web-based distributed system-of-systems. Experiences of a proof-of-concept implementation are also described.
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| 7. |
- Campeanu, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Allocation Optimization for Component-based Embedded Systems with GPUs
- 2018
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Ingår i: 44th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications SEAA 2018. - 9781538673829 ; , s. 101-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platforms equipped with GPU processors help mitigating the ever-increasing computational demands of modern embedded systems. Such systems can be specifically developed by using component-based development thanks to the concept of flexible components. Through this concept, a component can be transparently executed either on a CPU or a GPU. However, this flexibility complicates the allocation process because it adds additional complexity (i.e., due to the undecided CPU or GPU execution) and constraints to consider (i.e., CPUs and GPUs properties). In this work, we address this problem by providing an optimization model for component-based embedded systems executing on both CPU and GPU. The model addresses important optimization goals, characteristic to the embedded system domain, such as memory usage, energy usage and execution time. A novelty of this work is the formal description of the optimization model, which supports the usage of mixed integer nonlinear programming to compute optimal allocation schemes. To examine the feasibility of the proposed method, we apply the optimization model on a vision system constructed using the industrial Rubus component model.
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| 8. |
- Campeanu, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Component-based development of embedded systems with GPUs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One pressing challenge of many modern embedded systems is to successfully deal with the considerable amount of data that originates from the interaction with the environment. A recent solution comes from the use of GPUs, providing a significantly improved performance for data-parallel applications. Another trend in the embedded systems domain is component-based development. However, existing component-based approaches lack specific support to develop embedded systems with GPUs. As a result, components with GPU capability need to encapsulate all the required GPU information, leading to component specialization to specific platforms, hence drastically impeding component reusability. To facilitate component-based development of embedded systems with GPUs, we introduce the concept of flexible components. This increases the design flexibility by allowing the system developer to decide component allocation (i.e., either the CPU or GPU) at a later stage of the system development, with no change to the component implementation. Furthermore, we provide means to automatically generate code for adapting flexible components corresponding to their hardware placement, as well as code for component communication. Through the introduced support, components with GPU capability are platform-independent, and can be executed, without manual adjustment, on a large variety of hardware (i.e., platforms with different GPU characteristics).
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| 9. |
- Campeanu, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Developing CPU-GPU Embedded Systems using Platform-Agnostic Components
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 43rd Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2017. - 9781538621400 ; , s. 176-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, there are many embedded systems with different architectures that have incorporated GPUs. However, it is difficult to develop CPU-GPU embedded systems using component-based development (CBD), since existing CBD ap- proaches have no support for GPU development. In this context, when targeting a particular CPU-GPU platform, the component developer is forced to construct hardware-specific components, which are problematic to (re-)use in different contexts. More- over, hard-coding specific GPU-usage characteristics (e.g., the number of utilized GPU threads) inside the component is not possible without making detailed assumptions about the system in which the component is used, which conflicts with separation- of-concerns CBD principle. The paper presents a solution to allow component-based development of platform-agnostic CPU-GPU embedded systems through: i) high-level API, ii) adapters, and iii) code template. The API abstracts the specifics of the different platforms, while the adapters externalize hardware-specific activities outside components. We also raise the decision regarding the GPU- usage specifications, from the component to the system level. Furthermore, to minimize the development effort, we provide a code template that contains ready-made code fragments required for GPU development. As a case study, we examine the feasibility of our solution applied on a component-based vision system of an underwater robot.
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| 10. |
- Campeanu, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
-
Flexible Components for Development of Embedded Systems with GPUs
- 2017
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Ingår i: 24th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference APSEC 2017. - 9781538636817 ; , s. 219-228
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, embedded systems incorporate GPUs through a multitude of different architectures. When it comes to the development of these systems with GPUs, component-based development is ill-equipped as it does not provide support for GPUs. Instead, the component developer needs to encapsulate inside the component, besides functionality, settings and environment information that are specific to a particular GPU architecture. This binds the component this GPU architecture. Using these hardware-specific components characterized by restricted reusability, the system developer is confined to a limited design space which may negatively impact the overall system feasibility. In this paper, we introduce the concept of flexible components, which are components that can be executed indifferently on CPU or GPU, regardless of the architecture. Using flexible components, component developers are relieved from the side development activities (e.g., environment information) which are automatically handled by component-level mechanisms. To enhance component communications, connection elements (i.e., adapters) are generated to handle component data transmission, taking in consideration the platform characteristics. Finally, our proposed solution is evaluated by using flexible components to implement the vision system of an underwater robot, and execute it on three platforms with different GPU architectures.
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