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- Mikityuk, K., et al.
(författare)
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Horizon-2020 ESFR-SMART project on Sodium Fast Reactor Safety: status after 18 months
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To improve the public acceptance of the future nuclear power in Europe we have to demonstrate that the new reactors have significantly higher safety level compared to traditional reactors. The ESFR-SMART project (European Sodium Fast Reactor Safety Measures Assessment and Research Tools) aims at enhancing further the safety of Generation-IV SFRs and in particular of the commercial-size European Sodium Fast Reactor (ESFR) in accordance with the European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative (ESNII) roadmap and in close cooperation with the Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration (ASTRID) program. The project aims at 5 specific objectives: 1. Produce new experimental data in order to support calibration and validation of the computational tools for each defence-in-depth level. 2. Test and qualify new instrumentations in order to support their utilization in the reactor protection system. 3. Perform further calibration and validation of the computational tools for each defence-in-depth level in order to support safety assessments of Generation-IV SFRs, using the data produced in the project as well as selected legacy data. 4. Select, implement and assess new safety measures for the commercial-size ESFR, using the GIF methodologies, the FP7 CP-ESFR project legacy, the calibrated and validated codes and being in accordance with the update of the European and international safety frameworks taking into account the Fukushima accident. 5. Strengthen and link together new networks, in particular, the network of the European sodium facilities and the network of the European students working on the SFR technology. By addressing the industry, policy makers and general public, the project is expected to make a meaningful impact on economics, environment, EU policy and society. Selected results and milestones achieved during the first eighteen months of the project will be briefly presented, including − proposal of new safety measures for ESFR; − evaluation of ESFR core performance; − benchmarking of codes; − experimental programs; and − education and training.
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- Bubelis, E., et al.
(författare)
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System codes benchmarking on a low sodium void effect SFR heterogeneous core under ULOF conditions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering and Design. - : Elsevier. - 0029-5493 .- 1872-759X. ; 320, s. 325-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses system codes benchmarking activities on an ASTRID-like heterogeneous fast core under a representative design basis accident condition: the unprotected loss of flow accident (ULOF). The paper provides evidence that all the system codes used in this exercise are capable to simulate the transient behavior of heterogeneous SFR cores up to the initiation of sodium boiling. As a proof of this, a comparison of steady-state results and dynamic simulation results for a ULOF transient (simulated using system codes in combination with neutron point kinetics) are provided and discussed in this paper. The paper contains a brief description of the system codes (TRACE, CATHARE, SIM-SFR, SAS-SFR, ATHLET, SPECTRA, SAS4A) used by the participants (PSI, CEA, EDF, KIT, GRS, UPVLC, NRG, KTH), assumptions made during the simulations, as well as results obtained.
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- Fondberg, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Multisensory flavor perception : The relationship between congruency, pleasantness, and odor referral to the mouth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 125, s. 244-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our hedonic response to a food is determined by its flavor, an inherently multisensory experience that extends beyond the mere addition of its odor and taste. While congruency is known to be important for multisensory processes in general, little is known about its specific role in flavor processing. The aim of the present study was to delineate the effects of odor-taste congruency on two central aspects of flavor: odor referral (or mislocalization) to the mouth, and pleasantness. We further aimed to test whether an eventual effect on pleasantness was mediated by odor referral. Aqueous solutions containing odors and tastes were prepared to create food-like stimuli with varying degrees of congruency, ranging from maximally incongruent to maximally congruent in nine steps. Thirty participants reported where they perceived the odors, and how much they liked the solutions. Congruency had a positive linear effect both on odor referral to the oral cavity and on pleasantness. However, the effect of congruency on pleasantness was not mediated by odor referral. These results indicate that as an odor-taste mixture approximates a mental representation of a familiar food, its components are increasingly merged into one perceptual object sensed in the mouth. In parallel, the mixture is evaluated as increasingly pleasant, which promotes consumption of familiar foods that have been determined through experience to be non-toxic. While the modulatory role of congruency on pleasantness and odor referral was confirmed, our results also indicate that these effects arise through distinct perceptual mechanisms.
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- Larsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Olfactory memory in the old and very old : relations to episodic and semantic memory and APOE genotype
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 38, s. 118-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuroanatomical organization that underlies olfactory memory is different from that of other memory types. The present work examines olfactory memory in an elderly population-based sample (Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen) aged 60-100 years (n = 2280). We used structural equation modeling to investigate whether olfactory memory in old age is best conceptualized as a distinct category, differentiated from episodic and semantic memory. Further, potential olfactory dedifferentiation and genetic associations (APOE) to olfactory function in late senescence were investigated. Results are in support of a 3-factor solution where olfactory memory, as indexed by episodic odor recognition and odor identification, is modeled separately from episodic and semantic memory for visual and verbal information. Increasing age was associated with poorer olfactory memory performance, and observed age-related deficits were further exacerbated for carriers of the APOE epsilon 4 allele; these effects tended to be larger for olfactory memory compared to episodic and semantic memory pertaining to other sensory systems (vision, auditory). Finally, stronger correlations between olfactory and episodic memory, indicating dedifferentiation, were observed in the older age groups.
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- Palmquist, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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A Prospective Study on Risk Factors for Olfactory Dysfunction in Aging
- 2020
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 75:3, s. 603-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) refers to a reduced or absent ability to smell. OD negatively impacts health and quality of life and its prevalence increases with advancing age. Since OD may be an early marker of dementia and impending death, more knowledge regarding risk factors of OD in aging is warranted. The objective was therefore to explore longitudinally which demographic, genetic, clinical, lifestyle, and cognitive factors predict the development of OD.Methods: The study included participants aged 60–90 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), who did not have OD at baseline and were reassessed with an odor identification task at a 6-year follow-up (n = 1,004). Risk factors of OD were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: The percentage of incident OD cases was 14.2% over 6 years in the total sample and this number increased monotonically with age. Increasing age, carrying the ε4 allele of the APOE gene, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, and current smoking were found to be risk factors for the development of OD, whereas better olfactory identification and verbal episodic memory proficiency at baseline were identified as protective factors.Conclusions: In addition to nonmodifiable factors (age and genetic risk), several modifiable risk factors of OD were identified. This suggests that it might be possible to reduce OD incidence through the management of vascular risk factors and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle.
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