| 1. |
- Soam, Shveta, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of rice straw utilization practices in India
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 228, s. 89-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to find potential utilization practice of rice straw in India from an environmental perspective. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted for four most realistic utilization practices of straw including: (1) incorporation into the field as fertilizer (2) animal fodder (3) electricity (4) biogas. The results show that processing of 1 ton straw to electricity and biogas resulted in net reduction of 1471 and 1023 kg CO2 eq., 15.0 and 3.4 kg SO2 eq. and 6.7 and 7.1 kg C2H6 eq. emissions in global warming, acidification and photochemical oxidation creation potential respectively. Electricity production from straw replaces the coal based electricity and resulted in benefits in most of the environmental impacts whereas use as an animal fodder resulted in eutrophication benefits. The burning of straw is a harmful practice of managing straw in India which can be avoided by utilizing straw for bioenergy.
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| 2. |
- Jandrić, Petar, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in the Age of Covid-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4868 .- 2524-485X. ; 2:3, s. 1069-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A collection of 84 author's testimonies and workspace photographs between 18 March and 5 May 2020.
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| 3. |
- Rashid, Mamunur, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes Toward Wife Beating : A Population-Based Study in Bangladesh
- 2014
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Ingår i: Violence and Gender. - : Mary Anna Liebert. - 2326-7836 .- 2326-7852. ; 1:4, s. 170-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem that is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with attitudes toward wife-beating among women in Bangladesh. From the sixth Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2011) interview data, 17,842 women were included in this study. A woman’s age, household economic status, education (including her husband’s), employment status, residence, region, decision-making autonomy, and religion were assessed in relation to acceptance or justification of wife-beating under five hypothetical situations: if the wife burns the food, argues with husband, goes out without telling her husband, neglects the children, and if she refuses to have sexual intercourse with her husband. Of all the women who accept being beaten by their husbands, 23% accept it as a result of an argument, 18% due to neglecting their children, 17% due to going out without their husband’s permission, 8% due to refusal of sex with husband, and 4% due to burning the food. Low household economic status, women’s lower education, and being Muslim are significant factors for a woman to accept being beaten under all five hypothetical situations. Bangladesh has a long way to go in preventing IPV, particularly when poverty, low level of education, and unequal power in the family make women vulnerable to gender-based domestic violence like IPV.
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| 4. |
- Ruchi, Gaur, et al.
(författare)
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Bench scale dilute acid pretreatment optimization for producing fermentable sugars from cotton stalk and physicochemical characterization
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 83, s. 104-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cotton stalk is a holocellulose rich, inexpensive agricultural residue available in surplus without any competitive uses neither as food nor as animal fodder. These aspectshold high potential for cotton stalk as a biomass to be suitable for ethanol production. Dilute acid pretreatment conditions on bench scale have been optimized for cotton stalk by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Effect of four pretreatment process variables viz. temperature, acid concentration, time of reaction and stirring speed has been optimized for maximum enzymatic sugar release during the subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Under the optimized pretreatment conditions, i.e., temperature: 157. °C, acid concentration: 1.07% (w/w),and time: 20 min, enzymatic sugar releasewas found to be 684 mg/g of dry pretreated biomass. A correlation of hemicellulose removal and inhibitor formation with combined severity factor (CSF) was drawn. Mass balance carried out for the pretreatment step under optimized conditions resulted in 68.35 and 8.31% of xylose and glucose saccharificationyieldsrespectively. Subsequent enzymatic saccharification yieldsofglucose and xylose were 93.56 and 19.93% respectively. The overall saccharification yield integrating pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton stalk was 91.06%. Physicochemical characterization of native and pretreated biomass was carried out by compositional analysis, FT-IR and XRD revealing significant changes in biomassproperties responsible for improved saccharification efficiency.
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| 5. |
- Soam, Shveta, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of fuel ethanol from sugarcane molasses in northern and western India and its impact on Indian biofuel programme
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6574 .- 1944-9089. ; 83, s. 307-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- India's biofuel programme relies on the ethanol from molasses for blending into gasoline. Therefore, quantification of GHG (green house gas) emissions and the energy consumed during the process of ethanol production is desirable to help policy makers to take meaningful decisions. In order to establish the environmental impact of the biofuels, LCA (life cycle assessment) is conducted for 1 ton of fuel grade ethanol in the NR (northern region) and WR (western region) of India. Four different allocation approaches, WA (without any allocation), MA (mass allocation), EA (energy allocation) and MPA (market price allocation) are used to distribute emissions and energy consumption between the product and the co-products. Total GHG emissions are from 543.3 (−75.9%) to 8219.8 kg CO2-eq. (262.7%) in NR and 552.0 (−75.8%) to 7382.4 kg CO2-eq. (225.6%) with respect to gasoline. Similarly, the NER (net energy ratio) also varies with different allocation approaches and ranged from 0.38 to 3.39 in the NR and 0.48 to 4.23 in WR. Using MA approach, maximum GHG emissions reduction are, −75.9 and −75.8% and NER, 3.39 and 4.23 in NR and WR respectively indicates the environment and net energy benefits of fuel ethanol. It is observed that MA and EA approaches give more acceptable and real life results.
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