| 1. |
- Bhalla, Aditya, et al.
(författare)
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Engineered Lignin in Poplar Biomass Facilitates Cu-Catalyzed Alkaline-Oxidative
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 6:3, s. 2932-2941
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both untransformed poplar and genetically modified “zip-lignin” poplar, in which additional ester bonds were introduced into the lignin backbone, were subjected to mild alkaline and copper-catalyzed alkaline hydrogen peroxide (Cu-AHP) pretreatment. Our hypothesis was that the lignin in zip-lignin poplar would be removed more easily than lignin in untransformed poplar during this alkaline pretreatment, resulting in higher sugar yields following enzymatic hydrolysis. We observed improved glucose and xylose hydrolysis yields for zip-lignin poplar compared to untransformed poplar following both alkaline-only pretreatment (56% glucose yield for untransformed poplar compared to 67% for zip-lignin poplar) and Cu-AHP pretreatment (77% glucose yield for untransformed poplar compared to 85% for zip-lignin poplar). Compositional analysis, glycome profiling, and microscopy all supported the notion that the ester linkages increase delignification and improve sugar yields. Essentially no differences were noted in the molecular weight distributions of solubilized lignins between the zip-lignin poplar and the control line. Significantly, when zip-lignin poplar was utilized as the feedstock, hydrogen peroxide, catalyst, and enzyme loadings could all be substantially reduced while maintaining high sugar yields.
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| 2. |
- Ho, Janice Y., et al.
(författare)
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Urban heat island effect-related mortality under extreme heat and non-extreme heat scenarios: A 2010–2019 case study in Hong Kong
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 858, Part 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urban heat island (UHI) effect exacerbates the adverse impact of heat on human health. However, while the UHI effect is further intensified during extreme heat events, prior studies have rarely mapped the UHI effect during extreme heat events to assess its direct temperature impact on mortality. This study examined the UHI effect during extreme heat and non-extreme heat scenarios and compared their temperature-mortality associations in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2019. Four urban heat island degree hour (UHIdh) scenarios were mapped onto Hong Kong's tertiary planning units and classified into three levels (Low, Moderate, and High). We assessed the association between temperature and non-external mortality of populations living in each UHIdh level for the extreme heat/non-extreme heat scenarios during the 2010–2019 hot seasons. Our results showed substantial differences between the temperature-mortality associations in the three levels under the UHIdh extreme heat scenario (UHIdh_EH). While there was no evidence of increased mortality in Low UHIdh_EH areas, the mortality risk in Moderate and High UHIdh_EH areas were significantly increased during periods of hot temperature, with the High UHIdh_EH areas displaying almost double the risk (RR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.14 vs. RR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.09). However, other non-extreme heat UHI scenarios did not demonstrate as prominent of a difference. When stratified by age, the heat effects were found in Moderate and High UHIdh_EH among the elderly aged 75 and above. Our study found a difference in the temperature-mortality associations based on UHI intensity and potential heat vulnerability of populations during extreme heat events. Preventive measures should be taken to mitigate heat especially in urban areas with high UHI intensity during extreme heat events, with particular attention and support for those prone to heat vulnerability, such as the elderly and poorer populations.
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| 3. |
- Shi, P., et al.
(författare)
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Large energy storage properties of lead-free (1-x)(0.72Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.28SrTiO3)-xBiAlO3 ceramics at broad temperature range
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 784, s. 788-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1-x)(0.72Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.28SrTiO3)-xBiAlO3 (BNT-ST-xBA) lead-free ceramics were prepared through solid-state sintering methods. The structural, dielectric and energy storage properties of the ceramics were studied in this work. A large energy storage density of BNT-ST-0.01BA ceramics exceeding 1.746 J/cm3 has been obtained. The ceramics exhibit a good thermal stability at the temperature ranging from 20 °C to 120 °C. In addition, energy storage properties are relatively stable after completing 10000 electrical cycles, which shows promising potential for energy storage devices at a high temperature region.
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| 4. |
- Yu, D., et al.
(författare)
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Internal Quality Nondestructive Detection and Sorting Principle of Walnut Based on Density and Digital Image : [基于比重和图像的核桃内部品质无损检测与分选]
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nongye Jixie Xuebao. - : Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. - 1000-1298. ; 52:7, s. 373-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because the internal quality of walnuts is not easy to detect and a certain proportion of shelled walnuts in supermarkets are of poor quality, the principle of judging the internal quality of walnut according to the density was discussed, and the method and equipment of walnut sorting were studied. The principle of sorting walnuts was as follows: firstly, the walnut image collected by the camera was processed to estimate the volume of walnut; the weight of walnut was obtained; the gas pipe was selected according to the density of walnut to output gas; as a result, different walnuts fell into different containers. Walnut can also be detected and sorted according to density equivalent parameters. Secondly, when the walnut fell to the platform, the angle between its split plane and the platform was always about 60°. With this feature, the front and side cameras can be set in the correct orientation to obtain the contours of walnut, calculate the density of walnut and improve the sorting accuracy. In conclusion, this technology can indirectly detect the internal quality of walnut and promote intelligent and advanced detection. The sorting scheme had no adverse effect on walnut, working environment and operators. With the decrease of camera price, the decline of image processing cost and the improvement of computer operation speed, the cost of walnut sorter would be greatly reduced. The food processing plant would be able to arrange multiple work stations and multiple sorters at the same time, so as to meet the requirements of production efficiency when large quantities of walnut were sorted. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can realize nondestructive detection and had high academic value. © 2021, Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. All right reserved.
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