| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Zhiying, et al.
(författare)
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Solution-Processable Nanotube/Polymer Composite for High-Performance TFTs
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 32:9, s. 1299-1301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin-film field-effect transistors (TFTs) are readily fabricated using a semiconductor composite that is solution processed under ambient conditions for the conduction channel. The composite comprises single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) embedded in poly-9,9' dioctyl-fluorene-co-bithiophene. Carrier mobility values approaching 10 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) are obtained for the composite with relatively high SWCNT concentrations. When the SWCNT concentration is reduced for a large ON/OFF current ratio > 10(6), the mobility remains decent around 0.3 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1). The resultant TFTs display remarkable environmental and operational reliability. Nanotube-based composites are therefore of significance in printed electronics owing to their simplicity in device fabrication and competitiveness in device performance.
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| 4. |
- Han, L., et al.
(författare)
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Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 604:7907, s. 723-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell–cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.
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| 5. |
- Li, Jiantong, et al.
(författare)
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Ink-jet printed thin-film transistors with carbon nanotube channels shaped in long strips
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 109:8, s. 084915-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work reports on the development of a class of sophisticated thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on ink-jet printing of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for the channel formation. The transistors are manufactured on oxidized silicon wafers and flexible plastic substrates at ambient conditions. For this purpose, ink-jet printing techniques are developed with the aim of high-throughput production of SWCNT thin-film channels shaped in long strips. Stable SWCNT inks with proper fluidic characteristics are formulated by polymer addition. The present work unveils, through Monte Carlo simulations and in light of heterogeneous percolation, the underlying physics of the superiority of long-strip channels for SWCNT TFTs. It further predicts the compatibility of such a channel structure with ink-jet printing, taking into account the minimum dimensions achievable by commercially available printers. The printed devices exhibit improved electrical performance and scalability as compared to previously reported ink-jet printed SWCNT TFTs. The present work demonstrates that ink-jet printed SWCNT TFTs of long-strip channels are promising building blocks for flexible electronics.
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| 6. |
- Li, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
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Inkjet Printed Disposable High-Rate On-Paper Microsupercapacitors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32:1, s. 2108773-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On-paper microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are a key energy storage component for disposable electronics that are anticipated to essentially address the increasing global concern of electronic waste. However, nearly none of the present on-paper MSCs combine eco-friendliness with high electrochemical performance (especially the rate capacity). In this work, highly reliable conductive inks based on the ternary composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), graphene quantum dots and graphene are developed for scalable inkjet printing of compact (footprint area ≈ 20 mm2) disposable MSCs on commercial paper substrates. Without any post treatment, the printed patterns attain a sheet resistance as low as 4 Ω ▫−1. The metal-free all-solid-state MSCs exhibit a maximum areal capacitance > 2 mF cm−2 at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s−1, long cycle life (>95% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles), excellent flexibility, and long service time. Remarkably, the “totally metal-free” MSC arrays are fully inkjet printed on paper substrates and also exhibit high rate performance. The life cycle assessment indicates that these printed devices have much lower eco-toxicity and global warming potential than other on-paper MSCs.
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| 7. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
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100 Gbit/s THz Photonic Wireless Transmission in the 350-GHz Band With Extended Reach
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 30:11, s. 1064-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate terahertz (THz) photonic wireless transmission of high-speed quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals in the 350-GHz band, with an effort to extend the wireless reach of ultrafast 100 Gbit/s. In the experiment, a narrowband unitraveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) is used for heterodyne generation of THz communication signals, which is transparent to optical modulation formats. Experimental results show that 30 GBd/s QPSK (60 Gbit/s) and 25 GBd/s 16-QAM signals (100 Gbit/s) are successfully transmitted over a 350-GHz wireless link with an extended distance of 2 m. This enhancement is enabled by combining the techniques of employing cutting-edge narrowband UTC-PD as the photomixing THz emitter, spectrally efficient modulation format and advanced digital signal processing algorithms. The achievement makes 100 Gbit/s THz wireless communication systems promising for future smart wireless services.
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| 8. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Accessibility of 350 GHz 100 Gbit/s 16-QAM Photonic Wireless Link
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings 11th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimetre-Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT) Vol 1. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast terahertz (THz) photonic wireless communication link in the 350 GHz band with up to 100 Gbit/s data rate, with an emphasis on extending its wireless reach. By combining the techniques of using a cutting-edge narrow-band uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) as the THz photo-mixing emitter, spectrally efficient modulation formats and advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms, we successfully transmit 25 GBaud/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals (overall 100 Gbit/s data rate) over a 350 GHz wireless link with an extended distance of 2 m. This achievement pushes the accessibility of ultrafast 100 Gbit/s wireless communication beyond the state-of-the-art, and makes 100 Gbit/s ultrafast THz wireless communication systems promising for future smart high speed wireless access services.
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| 9. |
- Liu, Zhiying, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility Extraction for Nanotube TFTs
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 32:7, s. 913-915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extensive investigation of carrier mobility is presented for thin-film transistors (TFTs) with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks as the semiconductor channel. For TFTs particularly with low-density SWCNTs in the networks, the extracted mobility using the standard method for Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors is erroneous, mainly resulting from use of a parallel-plate capacitor model and assumption of the source-drain current being inversely proportional to the channel length. Large hysteresis in the transfer characteristics further complicates the extraction. By properly addressing all these challenges in this letter, a comprehensive methodology is established, leading to the extraction of mobility values that are independent of geometrical parameters.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Zhiying, et al.
(författare)
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On Gate Capacitance of Nanotube Networks
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : IEEE. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 32:5, s. 641-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter presents a systematic investigation of the gate capacitance C-G of thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on randomly distributed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the channel. In order to reduce false counting of SWCNTs that do not contribute to current conduction, C-G is directly measured on the TFTs using a well-established method for MOSFETs. Frequency dispersion of C-G is observed, and it is found to depend on the percolation behavior in SWCNT networks. This dependence can be accounted for using an RC transmission line model. These results are of important implications for the determination of carrier mobility in nanoparticle-based TFTs.
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