| 1. |
- Hawkins, Stephen J., et al.
(författare)
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The Intertidal Zone of the North-East Atlantic Region
- 2019
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Ingår i: Interactions in the Marine Benthos: Global Patterns and Processes (Systematics Association Special Volume Series, pp. 7-46). - : Cambridge university press. - 9781108416085
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rocky shores of the north-east Atlantic have been long studied. Our focus is from Gibraltar to Norway plus the Azores and Iceland. Phylogeographic processes shape biogeographic patterns of biodiversity. Long-term and broadscale studies have shown the responses of biota to past climate fluctuations and more recent anthropogenic climate change. Inter- and intra-specific species interactions along sharp local environmental gradients shape distributions and community structure and hence ecosystem functioning. Shifts in domination by fucoids in shelter to barnacles/mussels in exposure are mediated by grazing by patellid limpets. Further south fucoids become increasingly rare, with species disappearing or restricted to estuarine refuges, caused by greater desiccation and grazing pressure. Mesoscale processes influence bottom-up nutrient forcing and larval supply, hence affecting species abundance and distribution, and can be proximate factors setting range edges (e.g., the English Channel, the Iberian Peninsula). Impacts of invasive non-native species are reviewed. Knowledge gaps such as the work on rockpools and host–parasite dynamics are also outlined.
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| 2. |
- Orejas, C, et al.
(författare)
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Cold-water corals in aquaria: advances and challenges. A focus on the Mediterranean
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future. - : Springer. - 2213-719X. - 9783319916071
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge on basic biological functions of organisms is essential to understand not only the role they play in the ecosystems but also to manage and protect their populations. The study of biological processes, such as growth, reproduction and physiology, which can be approached in situ or by collecting exemplars and rearing them in aquaria, is particularly challenging for deep-sea organisms such as cold-water corals (CWCs). Present experimental work and monitoring of deep-sea populations is still a chimera. Only a handful of research institutes or companies have been able to install in situ marine observatories in the Mediterranean Sea or elsewhere, which facilitate for a continuous monitoring of deep-sea ecosystems. Hence, today’s best way to obtain basic biological information on these organisms is (1) working with collected samples and analysing them post-mortem and / or (2) cultivating corals in aquaria in order to monitor biological processes and investigate coral behaviour and physiological responses under different experimental treatments. The first challenging aspect is the collection process, which implies the use of oceanographic research vessels in most occasions, since these organisms inhabit areas between ca. 150 m to more than 1,000 m depth, and specific sampling gears. The next challenge is the maintenance of the animals on board (in situations where cruises may take weeks) and their transport to home laboratories. Maintenance in the home labs is also extremely challenging since special conditions and set ups are needed to conduct experimental studies to obtain information on the biological processes of these animals. The complexity of the natural environment from which the corals were collected cannot be exactly replicated within the laboratory setting; a fact which has led some researchers to question the validity of work and conclusions drawn from such undertakings. It is evident that aquaria experiments cannot perfectly reflect the real environmental and trophic conditions where these organisms occur, but: (1) in most cases we do not have the possibility to obtain equivalent in situ information and (2) even with limitations, they produce relevant information about 117 the biological limits of the species, which is especially valuable when considering potential future climate change scenarios. This chapter includes many contributions from different authors and it intends to be both, a practical “handbook” for conducting CWC aquaria work, while at the same time, to offer an overview on the CWC research conducted in Mediterranean labs equipped with aquaria infrastructure. Experiences from Atlantic and Pacific laboratories with extensive experience with CWC work have also contributed to this chapter, as their procedures are valuable to any researcher interested in conducting experimental work with CWC in aquaria. It was impossible to include contributions from all labs in the world currently working experimentally with CWCs in the laboratory, but at the conclusion of the chapter we attempt, to our best of our knowledge, to supply a list of laboratories with operational CWC aquaria facilities.
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| 3. |
- Arbyn, M, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for screening and diagnosis
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2nd edition of the EU Guidelines for cervical cancer screening. - 9789279076985 ; , s. 69-141
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Alves, Gustavo R., et al.
(författare)
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International Cooperation for Remote Laboratory Use
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contributions to Higher Engineering Education. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811089176 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimenting is fundamental to the training process of all scientists and engineers. While experiments have been traditionally done inside laboratories, the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies added two alternatives accessible anytime, anywhere. These two alternatives are known as virtual and remote laboratories and are sometimes indistinguishably referred as online laboratories. Similarly to other instructional technologies, virtual and remote laboratories require some effort from teachers in integrating them into curricula, taking into consideration several factors that affect their adoption (i.e., cost) and their educational effectiveness (i.e., benefit). This chapter analyzes these two dimensions and sustains the case where only through international cooperation it is possible to serve the large number of teachers and students involved in engineering education. It presents an example in the area of electrical and electronics engineering, based on a remote laboratory named Virtual Instruments System in Reality, and it then describes how a number of European and Latin American institutions have been cooperating under the scope of an Erasmus+ project, for spreading its use in Brazil and Argentina.
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| 5. |
- House, J, et al.
(författare)
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Climate and air quality
- 2006
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Ingår i: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 - Current State and Trends. Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group (Ecosystems and Human Well-being). ; 1, s. 350-390
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Winkler, F., et al.
(författare)
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Enriching IPTV Services and Infrastructure with Identity Management
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE GLOBECOM 2008, Global Telecommunications Conference. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424423248
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IPTV is regarded as one of the key technologies of triple play services by telecommunication incumbents. It is seen as the differentiator to reduce customer churn. However, as more operators deploy this service, the factors for differentiation are dissolving rapidly. In this paper we present how identity management can enrich IPTV and thus provide a variety of new business opportunities that will foster an operator's position and the contractual bindings with its customers. We present novel business models that are made possible by integrated identity management and describe their importance to the user. Furthermore, we address privacy aspects for IPTV service portfolios - a topic which is crucial to gain user acceptance for new services.
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| 7. |
- Da Silva, L., et al.
(författare)
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Detecting Semantic Conflicts via Automated Behavior Change Detection
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). - : IEEE. - 9781728156194 ; , s. 174-184
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Branching and merging are common practices in collaborative software development. They increase developer productivity by fostering teamwork, allowing developers to independently contribute to a software project. Despite such benefits, branching and merging comes at a cost-the need to merge software and to resolve merge conflicts, which often occur in practice. While modern merge techniques, such as 3-way or structured merge, can resolve many such conflicts automatically, they fail when the conflict arises not at the syntactic, but the semantic level. Detecting such conflicts requires understanding the behavior of the software, which is beyond the capabilities of most existing merge tools. As such, semantic conflicts can only be identified and fixed with significant effort and knowledge of the changes to be merged. While semantic merge tools have been proposed, they are usually heavyweight, based on static analysis, and need explicit specifications of program behavior. In this work, we take a different route and explore the automated creation of unit tests as partial specifications to detect unwanted behavior changes (conflicts) when merging software. We systematically explore the detection of semantic conflicts through unit-test generation. Relying on a ground-truth dataset of 38 software merge scenarios, which we extracted from GitHub, we manually analyzed them and investigated whether semantic conflicts exist. Next, we apply test-generation tools to study their detection rates. We propose improvements (code transformations) and study their effectiveness, as well as we qualitatively analyze the detection results and propose future improvements. For example, we analyze the generated test suites for false-negative cases to understand why the conflict was not detected. Our results evidence the feasibility of using test-case generation to detect semantic conflicts as a method that is versatile and requires only limited deployment effort in practice, as well as it does not require explicit behavior specifications.
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| 8. |
- Roldao, Antonio, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Viruses and virus-like particles in biotechnology: Fundamentals and applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Biotechnology. ; , s. 633-656
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although viruses are simple biological systems, they are capable of evolving highly efficient techniques for infecting cells, expressing their genomes, and generating new copies of themselves. It is possible to genetically manipulate most of the different classes of known viruses in order to produce recombinant viruses that express foreign proteins. Recombinant viruses have been used in gene therapy to deliver selected genes into higher organisms, in vaccinology and immunotherapy, and as important research tools to study the structure and function of these proteins. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multiprotein structures that mimic the organization and conformation of authentic native viruses but lack the viral genome. They have been applied not only as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines but also as vehicles in drug and gene delivery and, more recently, as tools in nanobiotechnology. In this chapter, basic and advanced features of viruses and VLPs are presented and their major applications are discussed. The different production platforms based on animal cell technology are explained, and their main challenges and future perspectives are explored. The implications of large-scale production of viruses and VLPs are discussed in the context of process control, monitoring, and optimization. The main upstream and downstream technical challenges are identified and discussed accordingly.
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