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- Pöysä, Hannu, et al.
(författare)
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Recovering Whooper Swans do not cause a decline in Eurasian Wigeon via their grazing impact on habitat
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie. - : Springer Science Business Media. - 0021-8375 .- 1439-0361. ; 159, s. 447-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) is a good example of successful conservation, with rapidly growing numbers in Fennoscandia in recent decades. To the contrary, Eurasian Wigeon (Mareca penelope) shows a strong negative trend in breeding numbers, which raises conservation concerns. Previous research suggests a causal link between recent population trajectories of the two species. Both preferentially breed on wetlands with abundant horsetail (Equisetum spp.), a plant providing food for Whooper Swan and crucial feeding microhabitat for Eurasian Wigeon broods. We here test predictions based on the hypothesis that grazing on Equisetum by Whooper Swan reduces breeding habitat or breeding habitat quality for Eurasian Wigeon. We use data from 60 lakes in which waterfowl were counted in 1990–1991 and 2016, and Equisetum was mapped in 1990–1991 and 2013–2014. Lakes colonized by Whooper Swan typically had more abundant Equisetum vegetation in the past than lakes not colonized. Lake-specific decrease of Equisetum was not associated with colonization by Whooper Swan. The number of lakes occupied by Eurasian Wigeon decreased, but the decrease was not stronger on lakes colonized by Whooper Swan than on those that were not. Contrary to our prediction, current Eurasian Wigeon abundance was positively associated with Whooper Swan abundance. Moreover, Eurasian Wigeon did not decrease more on lakes from which Equisetum disappeared than on lakes in which there was still Equisetum left. This study does not support the idea that Whooper Swan affects Eurasian Wigeon negatively by grazing on Equisetum.
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- Alevronta, Eleftheria, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-response relationships of the sigmoid for urgency syndrome after gynecological radiotherapy.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 57:10, s. 1352-1358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To find out what organs and doses are most relevant for 'radiation-induced urgency syndrome' in order to derive the corresponding dose-response relationships as an aid for avoiding the syndrome in the future.From a larger group of gynecological cancer survivors followed-up 2-14 years, we identified 98 whom had undergone external beam radiation therapy but not brachytherapy and not having a stoma. Of those survivors, 24 developed urgency syndrome. Based on the loading factor from a factor analysis, and symptom frequency, 15 symptoms were weighted together to a score interpreted as the intensity of radiation-induced urgency symptom. On reactivated dose plans, we contoured the small intestine, sigmoid colon and the rectum (separate from the anal-sphincter region) and we exported the dose-volume histograms for each survivor. Dose-response relationships from respective risk organ and urgency syndrome were estimated by fitting the data to the Probit, RS, LKB and gEUD models.The rectum and sigmoid colon have steep dose-response relationships for urgency syndrome for Probit, RS and LKB. The dose-response parameters for the rectum were D50: 51.3, 51.4, and 51.3 Gy, γ50 = 1.19 for all models, s was 7.0e-09 for RS and n was 9.9 × 107 for LKB. For Sigmoid colon, D50 were 51.6, 51.6, and 51.5 Gy, γ50 were 1.20, 1.25, and 1.27, s was 2.8 for RS and n was 0.079 for LKB.Primarily the dose to sigmoid colon as well as the rectum is related to urgency syndrome among gynecological cancer survivors. Separate delineation of the rectum and sigmoid colon in order to incorporate the dose-response results may aid in reduction of the incidence of the urgency syndrome.
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- Alin, Rebecca, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A Preparatory Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Fiber Intake During Adult Pelvic Radiotherapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy are often advised to omit fiber-rich foods from their diet to reduce the adverse effects of treatment. Scientific evidence supporting this recommendation is lacking, and recent studies on animals and humans have suggested that there is a beneficial effect of dietary fiber for the alleviation of symptoms. Randomized controlled studies on dietary fiber intake during pelvic radiotherapy of sufficient size and duration are needed. As preparation for such a large-scale study, we evaluated the feasibility, compliance, participation rate, and logistics and report our findings here in this preparatory study. Methods: In this preparatory study of a fiber intervention trial, Swedish gynecological cancer patients scheduled for radiotherapy were recruited between January 2019 and August 2020. During the intervention, the participants filled out questionnaires and used an application. They also consumed a fiber supplement at first in powder form, later in capsules. Blood- and fecal samples were collected. The study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04534075?cond=fidura&draw=2&rank=1). Results: Among 136 approached patients, 57 started the study and the participation rate for primary outcomes was 63% (third blood sample) and 65% (third questionnaire). Barely half of the participants provided fecal samples. Providing concise and relevant information to the patients at the right time was crucial in getting them to participate and stay in the study. The most common reasons for declining participation or dropping out were the expected burden of radiotherapy or acute side effects. Tailoring the ambition level to each patient concerning the collection of data beyond the primary endpoints was an important strategy to keep the dropout rate at an acceptable level. Using capsules rather than psyllium in powder form made it much easier to document intake and to create a control group. During the course of the preparatory study, we improved the logistics and for the last 12 participants included, the participation rate was 100% for the earliest primary outcome. Conclusion: A variety of adjustments in this preparatory study resulted in an improved participation rate, which allowed us to set a final protocol and proceed with the main study.
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- Andersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Om familjehistorier
- 1999
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Ingår i: Mer än kalla fakta. Kvalitativ forskning i praktiken. - 9144008589
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Bagger, Anette, 1974-
(författare)
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Prövningen av en skola för alla : nationella provet i matematik i det tredje skolåret
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents the contribution to research that my doctoral education led to. My starting point was a large scale qualitative research project (here after called the VR-project) which reviewed the implementation of national tests in the third grade on the subject of mathematics. The VR-project investigated how the test affected the pupils with a special focus on pupils in need of special support. An urge to look further into issues concerning the support, the pupil in need and the test was revealed in he initial VR-project. These issues therefore constitutes the problem area of this thesis. The VR-project studied a total of 22 classrooms in two different municipalities' during 2010- 2012. The methodology used for this project was inspired by ethnography and discourse analysis. The raw data consisted of test instructions, video observations of the actual test subjects, interviews from teachers and pupils about the test, the support that was given throughout the testing as well as the observations and interviews of the pupils requiring special assistance. Activated discourses and positions of the participants were demarcated. The results revealed that a traditional testing discourse, a caring discourse and a competitive discourse are activated during the tests. The testing discourse is stable and traditional. Much of what was shown and said in classrooms, routines and rules regarding the test were repeated in all the schools and in all the classrooms. The discourse on support is affected by ambiguity, which is revealed especially when issues of pupils’ equity is put against the tests equality. This is connected to the teachers restricted agency to give support due to the teacher position as a test taker. The positions in need that are available to students are not the same in pupils, teachers and steering documents. The situation is especially troublesome for pupils that do not manage Swedish good enough to take the test and for pupils in need of special support. Some of the conclusions from this thesis is that the national test format: Disciplines not only the pupil, but also the teacher, the classroom and the school at large. Results indicate that the test:Activates a focus on achievementLeads attention away from learning Activates issues of accountability Influences pupils and teachers with stakes involvedBesides evaluating knowledge, the test disciplines not only the pupil, but also the teacher, the classroom and the school at large. Discussing the national test as an arena for equity might be a way towards attaining equality in education for all pupils.
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