| 1. |
- Deak Sjöman, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Staden som växtplats
- 2015
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Ingår i: Träd i urbana landskap. - 9789144073385 ; , s. 231-330
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Deak Sjöman, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Branch Area Index of Solitary Trees: Understanding Its Significance in Regulating Ecosystem Services
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - : Wiley. - 0047-2425 .- 1537-2537. ; 45, s. 175-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chief aim of this study was to investigate how different species of solitary trees in temperate urban areas vary in their branch structure during winter by assessing branch area indices (BAIs). The BAI data showed significant differences (P < 0.0001) between species and genotypes. The lowest mean BAI in the dataset was for Gingko biloba L., which had a BAI of 0.27. Pinus strobus L. `Fastigiata ' represented the largest mean BAI of 2.09. The results from the BAI analysis further indicate that within the same species group differences occur between genotypes. For example, the five genotypes of Acer platanoides L. range from a mean BAI of 1.77 for A. platanoides `Globosum' to a mean BAI of 0.50 for A. platanoides `Fassen Black'. A further aim was to apply the compiled BAI data in the computational modeling program of ENVI-met 3.1, which simulates the surface-air interaction and microclimates in complex urban settings. The simulations focused on mean radiant temperature and wind speed. Results illustrate how wind speed on the leeward side of the trees gradually decrease with an increasing BAI. With an increasing BAI, the Tmrt decreases to the leeward of the row of trees. The results are further discussed in the perspective of sustainable urban development (i.e., where, why, and how the species studied could be integrated in the urban fabric). This is of particular interest for the design of urban green space in densely built-up urban environments where space may be restricted.
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| 3. |
- Deak Sjöman, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Plant and Wood Area Index of Solitary Trees for Urban Contexts in Nordic Cities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arboriculture and urban forestry. - : International Society of Arboriculture. - 1935-5297 .- 2155-0778. ; 47, s. 252-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We present the plant area index (PAI) measurements taken for 63 deciduous broadleaved tree species and 1 deciduous conifer tree species suitable for urban areas in Nordic cities. The aim was to evaluate PAI and wood area index (WAI) of solitary-grown broadleaved tree species and cultivars of the same age in order to present a data resource of individual tree characteristics viewed in summer (PAI) and in winter (WAI). Methods: All trees were planted as individuals in 2001 at the Hørsholm Arboretum in Denmark. The field method included a Digital Plant Canopy Imager where each scan and contrast values were set to consistent values. Results: The results illustrate that solitary trees differ widely in their WAI and PAI and reflect the integrated effects of leaf material and the woody component of tree crowns. The indications also show highly significant (P < 0.001) differences between species and genotypes. The WAI had an overall mean of 0.91 (± 0.03), ranging from Tilia platyphyllos ‘Orebro’ with a WAI of 0.32 (± 0.04) to Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ with a WAI of 1.94 (± 0.09). The lowest mean PAI in the data set was Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ with a PAI of 1.93 (± 0.05), whereas Acer campestre ‘Kuglennar’ represents the cultivar with the largest PAI of 8.15 (± 0.14). Conclusions: Understanding how this variation in crown architectural structure changes over the year can be applied to climate responsive design and microclimate modeling where plant and wood area index of solitary-grown trees in urban contexts are of interest.
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| 4. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 5. |
- Sjöman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Criteria in the selection of urban trees for temperate urban environments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry. - London ; New York : Routledge, 2017. : Routledge. - 9781138647282 ; , s. 339-362
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents an approach that could be used to more robustly select trees for urban green infrastructure projects. When choosing suitable plant material for a site, it is important to consider not only the soil conditions, but also factors such as temperature, wind conditions, rainfall, light availability, pollution and the potential for vandalism. Other characteristics may also be important in the selection process if the intention is to use the trees or tree plantations for one or more technical functions. The most important criteria used to determine tree selection choices are the cold hardiness and health potential of the plant material. This is largely informed by the genetic background of the tree, particularly their provenance or ecotype. Having considered hardiness and health and determined the phase of succession represented by the site, the next most important aspect to consider is the tolerance of the species to the growing site.
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| 6. |
- Sjöman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Diversification of the urban forest—Can we afford to exclude exotic tree species?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 18, s. 237-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduced tree species represent a substantial component of urban forests in cities all over the world. Yet there is controversy about the further use of introduced tree species. Many practice orientated publications, research papers and governmental websites in the fields of urban planning, urban forestry, and urban ecology argue for planting native species and avoiding introduced species. Such arguments for native-only species selection are also touted by environmental groups and the media. Consequently the debate has sometimes spiralled away from a sensible and rational platform where invasion risks and biodiversity loss are discussed, to a groundless and unreasonable argument where exotic species are generally considered incapable of providing ecosystem services. From a European perspective, we here aim to curate a set of necessary considerations for current and future discussions on native and non-native plant material in sustainable urban development. Using examples from Northern and Central Europe we illustrate that in some regions the catalogue of native tree species may be too limited to fulfil ecosystem services and resilience in harsh urban environments. A main message from our line of arguments is that we cannot afford to generally exclude non-native tree species from urban greening. If "native-only" approaches become incorporated in regional, national or international policy documents or legislation there is a risk that urban ecosystem resilience will be compromised, particularly in regions with extreme environmental conditions. Since both invasion risks and sizes of native species pools vary conspicuously at regional to continental scales we also argue to adapt urban policies on using non-native trees to regional contexts. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Finnman, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Early Second Language Learners, Staff Responsiveness and Child Engagement in the Swedish Preschool Context in Relation to Child Behaviour Characteristics and Staffing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - Switzerland : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2504-284X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preschool staffs' responsiveness affects children's behaviour, their difficulties, and engagement in the preschool context, but children's behaviour and characteristics also affect staff responsiveness. Early second language learners (L2-learners) have been shown to have more problems with behaviour and emotions and lower engagement in preschool. Being engaged in preschool activities predicts future academic performance, attitude towards school and well-being in the short and long term, and can be promoted by the preschool staff. Knowledge of which factors support engagement in preschool for L2-learners can help prevent, in the early years, negative pathways based on low engagement and problems with behaviour and emotions. This cross-sectional study used data from a longitudinal study to investigate the relationship between child engagement and staff responsiveness as well as how child age, child problems with behaviour and emotions, child group size, and the child:staff ratio impact child engagement and staff responsiveness. The study also investigated whether these relations differ between L2-learners and children learning Swedish as their first language (L1-learners). Preschool staff (N = 611) reported through questionnaires on engagement, age, problems with behaviour and emotions and emotional symptoms of 832 children aged 13-71 months, as well as on staffing and staff responsiveness. With a path analysis extended by multi-group analysis, we found two models suggesting that age, problems with behaviour and emotions and preschool staff responsiveness influence child engagement, irrespective of background. The study also found that child engagement significantly influenced staff responsiveness. The multi-group analysis only weakly supported the hypothesis that the child's age affects staff responsiveness more strongly for L2-learners. The results indicate that individual children and child groups themselves can affect the responsiveness of their staff, and that children with low engagement risk being neglected. L2-learners are at increased risk since they tend to display lower engagement and more behaviour problems in preschool in general. If not attended to early, the lower engagement already apparent among L2-learners in preschool can create stable patterns of low engagement and problems with behaviour and emotions that extend beyond the preschool years and having negative effects on the children's later well-being and school performance.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Folkesson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Växter för vinterfägring
- 2015
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Ingår i: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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