| 1. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 2. |
- Brandhagen, Martin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 66, s. 305-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives:Alcohol and dietary fat have high energy densities and may therefore be related to body weight and fat deposition. We studied associations between alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns and general and central adiposity.Subjects/Methods:A population-based cross-sectional study of 524 men and 611 women. The participants answered a dietary questionnaire describing habitual food consumption including intake of alcoholic beverages. Macronutrient intake was analysed in relation to anthropometric measures and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry determined body fat.Results:In women, total alcohol intake was negatively associated with body fat percentage (β:-0.67, P<0.01). In men, total alcohol intake was positively associated with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) (β: 0.28, P=0.01). In addition, positive associations were found between intake of alcohol from spirits and body fat percentage (β: 1.17, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.52, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: 2.29, P=0.01). In men, protein intake was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β: 0.03, P=0.001), body fat percentage (β: 0.04, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.02, P=0.01) and waist circumference (β: 0.09, P<0.01). Also in men only, negative associations between fat intake and BMI (β: -0.03, P<0.01), SAD (β: -0.02, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: -0.05, P<0.05) were found.Conclusions:Alcohol intake was inversely associated to relative body fat in women whereas spirits consumption was positively related to central and general obesity in men. Macronutrient intakes, particularly protein and fat, were differently associated with obesity indicators in men versus women. This may reflect a differential effect by gender, or differential obesity related reporting errors in men and women.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 16 November 2011; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.189.
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| 3. |
- Burza, Maria Antonella, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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PNPLA3 I148M (rs738409) genetic variant is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in obese individuals
- 2012
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Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-8658. ; 44:12, s. 1037-1041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M (rs738409) genetic variant has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals with chronic alcohol abuse or hepatic viral infection. In the present study we examined the association between the PNPLA3I148M genetic variant and hepatocellular carcinoma in obese individuals from the Swedish Obese Subjects cohort (n=4047). Methods: We performed a matched, prospective, controlled, interventional trial, investigating the effect of bariatric surgery (surgery group) compared to conventional treatment (control group) for obesity. Results: A total of 9 events were observed in the 15-year median follow up (5 in the control group and 4 in the surgery group). A significantly higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in PNPLA3 148M allele carriers was found in obese individuals in the control group (log-rank P-value=0.001), but not in the surgery group (log-rank P-value=0.783). Consistently, an increased risk (for each PNPLA3 148M allele, hazard ratio: 5.9; 95% confidence interval 1.5-23.8; P-value=0.013) of developing hepatocellular carcinoma was observed only in the control group. Conclusion: The current study is the first prospective report showing the association of the PNPLA3I148M genetic variant and hepatocellular carcinoma in severely obese individuals.
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| 4. |
- Danielsson, D., et al.
(författare)
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Brachytherapy and osteoradionecrosis in patients with base of tongue cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 143:1, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Base of tongue cancer incidence and patient survival is increasing why treatment sequelae becomes exceedingly important. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a late adverse effect of radiotherapy and brachytherapy (BT) could be a risk factor. Brachytherapy is used in three out of six health care regions in Sweden. Aims: Investigate if patients treated in regions using BT show an increased risk for ORN and whether brachytherapy has any impact on overall survival. Material and Methods: We used data from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register between 2008–2014. Due to the nonrandomized nature of the study and possible selection bias we compared the risk for ORN in brachy vs non-brachy regions. Results: Fifty out of 505 patients (9.9%) developed ORN; eight of these were treated in nonbrachy regions (16%), while 42 (84%) were treated in brachy regions. Neither age, sex, TNM-classification/stage, p16, smoking, neck dissection, or chemotherapy differed between ORN and no-ORN patients. The risk for ORN was significantly higher for patients treated in brachy regions compared to non-brachy regions (HR = 2,63, p =.012), whereas overall survival did not differ (HR = 0.95, p =.782). Conclusions and Significance: Brachytherapy ought to be used cautiously for selected patients or within prospective randomized studies.
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| 5. |
- De Marchi, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Proteogenomics decodes the evolution of human ipsilateral breast cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) is a clinically important event, where an isolated in-breast recurrence is a potentially curable event but associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis and breast cancer death. It remains unclear if IBTRs are associated with molecular changes that can be explored as a resource for precision medicine strategies. Here, we employed proteogenomics to analyze a cohort of 27 primary breast cancers and their matched IBTRs to define proteogenomic determinants of molecular tumor evolution. Our analyses revealed a relationship between hormonal receptors status and proliferation levels resulting in the gain of somatic mutations and copy number. This in turn re-programmed the transcriptome and proteome towards a highly replicating and genomically unstable IBTRs, possibly enhanced by APOBEC3B. In order to investigate the origins of IBTRs, a second analysis that included primaries with no recurrence pinpointed proliferation and immune infiltration as predictive of IBTR. In conclusion, our study shows that breast tumors evolve into different IBTRs depending on hormonal status and proliferation and that immune cell infiltration and Ki-67 are significantly elevated in primary tumors that develop IBTR. These results can serve as a starting point to explore markers to predict IBTR formation and stratify patients for adjuvant therapy.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Life After Orthognathic Surgery in Swedish Patients: A Register-Based Cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DENTAL RESEARCH. - : WILEY. - 2057-4347. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on quality of life among Swedish patients. Materials and Methods: Patients subjected to orthognathic surgery due to dentofacial deformity (DFD) and registered in the National Register of Orthognathic Surgery (NROK) in Sweden between 2017 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Swedish-validated Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-OQLQ) was used to evaluate patient quality of life before and after surgery. The S-OQLQ measured each patient's subjective experience regarding social aspects. Results: Eighty-four participants were included in this cohort study, including 45 men (mean age 24.7 years), 48 women (mean age 23.4 years), and eight patients who stated no gender. Women generally graded several aspects of the S-OQLQ higher than men, including facial aesthetics p = 0.029), oral function (p < 0.001), and awareness of facial deformity (p = 0.0054). For all domains of the questionnaire (social, facial aesthetics, function, and awareness), a significant improvement was seen 6-24 months after surgery (p < 0.001). Women rated improvement of function and awareness of facial deformity higher than men (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively). Conclusion: Quality of life aspects of orthognathic surgery have a strong impact on the treatment outcome. Although functional impairment is often considered a major indication for surgery, the social and aesthetic influence of DFD is highly rated by patients, whereas pain is not an issue before or after treatment.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kovács, Anikó, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery Depending on the Presence of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes : A Long-Term Follow-Up of the SweBCG91RT Randomized Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X. ; 37:14, s. 1179-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The effects of radiotherapy (RT) on the basis of the presence of stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of TILs with the effect of postoperative RT on ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in a large randomized trial. METHODS: In the SweBCT91RT (Swedish Breast Cancer Group 91 Radiotherapy) trial, 1,178 patients with breast cancer stage I and II were randomly assigned to breast-conserving surgery plus postoperative RT or breast-conserving surgery only and followed for a median of 15.2 years. Tumor blocks were retrieved from 1,003 patients. Stromal TILs were assessed on whole-section hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides using a dichotomized cutoff of 10%. Subtypes were scored using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. In total, 936 patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Altogether, 670 (71%) of patients had TILs less than 10%. In a multivariable regression analysis with IBTR as dependent variable and RT, TILs, subtype, age, and grade as independent variables, RT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.61; P < .001), high TILs (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.96, P = .033) grade (3 v 1; HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.34; P = .029), and age (≥ 50 v < 50 years; HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.80; P = .002) were predictive of IBTR. RT was significantly beneficial in the low TILs group (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.58; P < .001) but not in the high TILs group (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.19; P = .138). The test for interaction between RT and TILs was not statistically significant (P = .317). CONCLUSION: This study shows that high values of TILs in the primary tumor independently seem to reduce the risk for an IBTR. Our findings further suggest that patients with breast cancer with low TILs may derive a larger benefit from RT regarding the risk of IBTR.
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| 9. |
- Lewis, Jeffrey, et al.
(författare)
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PFAS – A threat for groundwater and drinking water supply in Sweden?
- 2015
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Ingår i: EGU General Assembly 2015. ; 17
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of anthropogenic environmental pollutants that are widely distributed in the global environment. They have multiple industrial uses, including water repellents in clothing, paper coatings and firefighting foam. According to a study released by the Environmental Directorate of the OECD, they are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic to mammalian species (OECD, 2002). In some municipal drinking water wells in Sweden, measured concentrations of PFAS found to be several hundred times higher than the allowed threshold values. This has created a huge public concern and has recently attracted much media attention in Sweden (e.g. Afzelius et al., 2014; Bergman et al., 2014; Lewis et al., 2014). PFAS findings raised questions such as “What can we do to solve the problem?” When it comes to drinking water, there are a number of techniques that can ensure that PFAS levels are reduced to acceptable levels. This may be a costly challenge, but from a technical point of view it is possible. To ensure the safety of drinking water from a public health perspective is obviously a top priority. However, international experience shows that the cost of cleaning up PFAS in groundwater may be significantly higher than continuously treat drinking water in water works. Approximately fifty percent of Sweden’s drinking water comes from groundwater. As a result, there are several ongoing and planned PFAS-related environmental and drinking-water investigations in Sweden. Many aquifers that supply municipal water plants are located in areas of sand and gravel deposits. Such soils have relatively high permeabilities, which permits extraction of large volumes of water. However, the downside to high permeabilities is that they also allow dissolved contaminants as PFAS to spread over large areas. If one disregards the health risks linked to its presence in drinking water, PFAS have an impact on three of Sweden’s national environmental quality objectives, namely, A Non-Toxic Environment, Flourishing Lakes and Streams and Good-Quality Groundwater. Although the survey of PFAS in our groundwater supplies will take time, it is feasible. Much research in the field of hydrogeology and geochemistry remains before a viable and cost-effective groundwater remediation method can be operational. Until then, it is essential that measures are taken to identify the present distribution and magnitude of PFAS in groundwater and prevents its further spread in our most important aquifers. Afzelius, H. et al., 2014. Vågar vi dricka kranvattnet? (Do we dare drinking tap water?), Svenska Dagbladet. Bergman, Å., Hansson, S.O., Hellsten, E., 2014. En miljöskandal av historiska mått (An environmental scandal of historic proportions), Svenska Dagbladet. Lewis, J. et al., 2014. Kartlägg det förorenade dricksvattnet (Survey the contaminated drinking water), Svenska Dagbladet. OECD, 2002. Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salt.
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| 10. |
- Neovius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Health Care Use During 20 Years Following Bariatric Surgery
- 2012
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Ingår i: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 308:11, s. 1132-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Bariatric surgery results in sustained weight loss; reduced incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and cancer; and improved survival. The long-term effect on health care use is unknown. Objective To assess health care use over 20 years by obese patients treated conventionally or with bariatric surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants The Swedish Obese Subjects study is an ongoing, prospective, nonrandomized, controlled intervention study conducted in the Swedish health care system that included 2010 adults who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched controls recruited between 1987 and 2001. Inclusion criteria were age 37 years to 60 years and body mass index of 34 or higher in men and 38 or higher in women. Exclusion criteria were identical in both groups. Interventions Of the surgery patients, 13% underwent gastric bypass, 19% gastric banding, and 68% vertical-banded gastroplasty. Controls received conventional obesity treatment. Main Outcome Measures Annual hospital days (follow-up years 1 to 20; data capture 1987-2009; median follow-up 15 years) and nonprimary care outpatient visits (years 2-20; data capture 2001-2009; median follow-up 9 years) were retrieved from the National Patient Register, and drug costs from the Prescribed Drug Register (years 7-20; data capture 2005-2011; median follow-up 6 years). Registry linkage was complete for more than 99% of patients (4044 of 4047). Mean differences were adjusted for baseline age, sex, smoking, diabetes status, body mass index, inclusion period, and (for the inpatient care analysis) hospital days the year before the index date. Results In the 20 years following their bariatric procedure, surgery patients used a total of 54 mean cumulative hospital days compared with 40 used by those in the control group (adjusted difference, 15; 95% CI, 2-27; P = .03). During the years 2 through 6, surgery patients had an accumulated annual mean of 1.7 hospital days vs 1.2 days among control patients (adjusted difference, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7; P < .001). From year 7 to 20, both groups had a mean annual 1.8 hospital days (adjusted difference, 0.0; 95% CI, −0.3 to 0.3; P = .95). Surgery patients had a mean annual 1.3 nonprimary care outpatient visits during the years 2 through 6 vs 1.1 among the controls (adjusted difference, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.4; P = .003), but from year 7, the 2 groups did not differ (1.8 vs 1.9 mean annual visits; adjusted difference, −0.2; 95% CI, −0.4 to 0.1; P = .12). From year 7 to 20, the surgery group incurred a mean annual drug cost of US $930; the control patients, $1123 (adjusted difference, −$228; 95% CI, −$335 to −$121; P < .001). Conclusions Compared with controls, surgically treated patients used more inpatient and nonprimary outpatient care during the first 6-year period after undergoing bariatric surgery but not thereafter. Drug costs from years 7 through 20 were lower for surgery patients than for control patients.
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