| 1. |
- Mairinoja, L., et al.
(author)
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Deep Learning-Based Image Analysis of Liver Steatosis in Mouse Models
- 2023
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In: American Journal of Pathology. - 0002-9440. ; 193:8, s. 1072-1080
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a continuously growing health problem worldwide, along with obesity. Therefore, novel methods to both efficiently study the manifestation of nonalco-holic fatty liver disease and to analyze drug efficacy in preclinical models are needed. The present study developed a deep neural network-based model to quantify microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis in the liver on hematoxylin-eosin-stained whole slide images, using the cloud-based platform, Aiforia Create. The training data included a total of 101 whole slide images from dietary interventions of wild-type mice and from two genetically modified mouse models with steatosis. The algorithm was trained for the following: to detect liver parenchyma, to exclude the blood vessels and any artefacts generated during tissue processing and image acquisition, to recognize and differentiate the areas of micro-vesicular and macrovesicular steatosis, and to quantify the recognized tissue area. The results of the image analysis replicated well the evaluation by expert pathologists and correlated well with the liver fat content measured by EchoMRI ex vivo, and the correlation with total liver triglycerides was notable. In conclusion, the developed deep learning-based model is a novel tool for studying liver steatosis in mouse models on paraffin sections and, thus, can facilitate reliable quantification of the amount of steatosis in large preclinical study cohorts. (Am J Pathol 2023, 193: 1072-1080; https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.014)
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| 2. |
- Pilthammar, Johan, et al.
(author)
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An overview of Methods for Simulating Sheet Metal Forming with Elastic Dies
- 2023
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In: 42ND CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP DRAWING RESEARCH GROUP. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sheet metal forming (SMF) simulations are traditionally carried out with rigid active forming surfaces. This means that the elasticity and dynamics of presses and die structures are ignored. The only geometries of the tools included in the simulations are the active forming surfaces. One reason for this simplification is the large amount of computational power that is required to solve finite element (FE) models that incorporates elastic stamping dies. Another reason is the lack of die CAD models before the later stages of stamping projects. Research during the last couple of decades indicated potential large benefits when including elastic dies in SMF simulations. For example, for simulating die try-out or for Digital Twins of presses and dies. Even though the need and potential benefits of elastic dies in simulations are well known it is not yet implemented on a wide scale. The main obstacles have been lacking data on presses and dies, long simulation times, and no standardized implementation in SMF software. This paper presents an overview of existing methods for SMF simulations with elastic dies and discuss their respective benefits and drawbacks. The survey of methods shows that simulation models with elastic tools will be needed for detailed analyses of forming operations and also for purposes like digital twins. On the other hand, simplified and robust models can be developed for non-FEA users to carry out simple one-step compensation of tool surfaces for virtual spotting purposes. The most promising and versatile method from the literature is selected, modified, and demonstrated for industrial sized dies.
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| 3. |
- Pilthammar, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Three Industrial Cases of Sheet Metal Forming Simulations with Elastic Dies
- 2023
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In: 42ND CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEEP DRAWING RESEARCH GROUP. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research and experience points to many advantages if sheet metal forming is simulated with elastic dies. Some areas that are enabled by simulations with elastic dies are virtual spotting, improved digital twins, and improved production support. A promising method was selected from the literature, and after important modifications it is deemed to be fast and robust for simulating industrial sized dies. The method consists of meshing die solids with a coarse mesh to represent the structural behaviour of the die. The forming surfaces are then represented by a fine shell mesh connected to the solid mesh by tied contacts with an offset. With additional modifications to reduce solver time this yields a robust and flexible way of modelling sheet metal forming with elastic dies. There is an increase in preprocessing and simulation time compared to using rigid tools, but industrial dies can now be modeled within an hour and solved within a working day. It is also easy to update the model by replacing separate parts such as die solids or forming surfaces. One of the main criteria in favor of the selected approach is the realistic modeling of blankholder and cushion systems. In this paper simulations of three industrial cases are demonstrated: one case of virtual die spotting and two cases of production support. The three cases demonstrate the importance and potential of using elastic dies during virtual die tryout, production support, and for cases like digital twins and production control.
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| 4. |
- Abermann, S., et al.
(author)
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Comparative study on the impact of TiN and Mo metal gates on MOCVD-grown HfO2 and ZrO2 high-kappa dielectrics for CMOS technology
- 2007
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In: Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B. - : AIP. - 9780735403970 ; , s. 293-294
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We compare metal oxide semiconductor capacitors, investigating Titanium-Nitride and Molybdenum as gate materials, as well as metal organic chemical vapor deposited ZrO2 and HfO2 as high-kappa dielectrics, respectively. The impact of different annealing steps on the electrical characteristics of the various gate stacks is a further issue. The positive effect of post metallization annealing in forming gas atmosphere as well as observed mid-gap pinning of TiN and Mo metal gates is presented.
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| 5. |
- Abermann, S., et al.
(author)
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Processing and evaluation of metal gate/high-kappa/Si capacitors incorporating Al, Ni, TiN, and Mo as metal gate, and ZrO2 and HfO2 as high-kappa dielectric
- 2007
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In: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 84:5-8, s. 1635-1638
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluate various metal gate/high-K/Si capacitors by their resulting electrical characteristics. Therefore, we process MOS gate stacks incorporating aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), titanium-nitride (TiN), and molybdenum (Mo) as the gate material, and metal organic chemical vapour deposited (MOCVD) ZrO2 and HfO2 as the gate dielectric, respectively. The influence of the processing sequence - especially of the thermal annealing treatment - on the electrical characteristics of the various gate stacks is being investigated. Whereas post metallization annealing in forming gas atmosphere improves capacitance-voltage behaviour (due to reduced interface-, and oxide charge density), current-voltage characteristics degrade due to a higher leakage current after thermal treatment at higher temperatures. The Flatband-voltage values for the TiN-, Mo-, and Ni-capacitors indicate mid-gap pinning of the metal gates, however, Ni seems to be thermally unstable on ZrO2, at least within the process scheme we applied.
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| 9. |
- Herrera, M, et al.
(author)
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Prognostic Interactions between FAP+ Fibroblasts and CD8a+ T Cells in Colon Cancer
- 2020
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In: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 12:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inter-case variations in immune cell and fibroblast composition are associated with prognosis in solid tumors, including colon cancer. A series of experimental studies suggest immune-modulatory roles of marker-defined fibroblast populations, including FAP-positive fibroblasts. These studies imply that the fibroblast status of tumors might affect the prognostic significance of immune-related features. Analyses of a population-based colon cancer cohort demonstrated good prognosis associations of FAP intensity and CD8a density. Notably, a significant prognostic interaction was detected between these markers (p = 0.013 in nonadjusted analyses and p = 0.003 in analyses adjusted for cofounding factors) in a manner where the good prognosis association of CD8 density was restricted to the FAP intensity-high group. This prognostic interaction was also detected in an independent randomized trial-derived colon cancer cohort (p = 0.048 in nonadjusted analyses). In the CD8-high group, FAP intensity was significantly associated with a higher total tumor density of FoxP3-positive immune cells and a higher ratio of epithelial-to-stromal density of CD8a T cells. The study presents findings relevant for the ongoing efforts to improve the prognostic performance of CD8-related markers and should be followed by additional validation studies. Furthermore, findings support, in general, earlier model-derived studies implying fibroblast subsets as clinically relevant modulators of immune surveillance. Finally, the associations between FAP intensity and specific immune features suggest mechanisms of fibroblast-immune crosstalk with therapeutic potential.
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