| 1. |
- Bazargani, Farnaz, et al.
(author)
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Conception by means of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is not associated with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
- 2020
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Study question:Is there any association between mode of conception or IVF-related variables and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP)?Summary answer:Conception by means of IVF is not associated with NVP but the stage of the transferred embryo may affect NVP development.What is known already:The exact cause of NVP is unknown but risk factors including increased hormonal levels, maternal distress and anxiety disorders, also described in IVF populations, have been reported. There are only a few studies exploring NVP in IVF samples. A population-based study examining the characteristics of women who suffered from a severe form of NVP, it was reported that women with severe NVP had more often conceived through assisted reproduction techniques. So far, the relationship between NVP and IVF or different treatment related parameters in the IVF population in relation to NVP remains unclear.Study design, size, duration:The study is a longitudinal, matched - cohort, pilot study including 630 pregnant women with singletons without malformations, recruited during the pregnancy ultrasound in gestational week 17 (GW 17). The study was conducted between 2010-2016 at the University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden.Participants/materials, setting, methods:The study population comprised 210 women with IVF conceived pregnancies and 420 age and parity matched women with spontaneous pregnancies. All participants self-reported sociodemographic and pregnancy-related information. IVF treatment data were obtained after scrutinization of the medical records. The outcome, NVP at GW 17, was divided into: 1) absence of NVP, 2) NVP not requiring medications and 3) NVP requiring medications. NVP was then studied in relation to exposure and to different IVF treatment-associated variables.Main results and the role of chance:The mean age of the participants was 33.7 years with 2/3 of the participants being primipara. IVF pregnant women reported more frequently comorbidities (such as hypertension, diabetes, migraine etc) (59.1% vs 49.9%), but less frequently alcohol consumption (38.4% vs 48.7%) compared to women with spontaneous pregnancies. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics such as education, employment, smoking habits, maternal BMI, depression history, delivery fear and newborn gender, were otherwise similar between the groups. NVP with or without medications was not associated with mode of conception (p=0.889); 11.4% of women who conceived through IVF suffered from NVP requiring medications and 62.4% from unmedicated NVP vs 10.8% and 64.3% respectively of women with spontaneous pregnancies. Absence of NVP was reported by 26.2% of IVF and 24.9% of spontaneously pregnant women. However, in a subgroup analysis in the group of women who conceived through IVF, NVP was more frequently seen in the group who received cleavage stage embryos vs blastocysts (p=0.019). We could not however find any significant difference in the rate of NVP with or without medications between fresh (69.4%) or frozen/thawed embryo transfers (78.5%), nor between IVF(72.3%) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)(77.4%) treatments. Lastly, there was no significant difference between infertility diagnosis and NVP.Limitations, reasons for caution:The study had limited power to detect differences in NVP in relation to mode of conception. In addition, there was a missing rate of 30.5% in the reported embryo stage variable. Finally, the rate of blastocyst-transfers during that period was lower than otherwise expected with current statistics.Wider implications of the findings:It is still unclear whether IVF has an impact on the risk of NVP. However, transfer of a blastocyst may decrease the risk of developing NVP.
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| 2. |
- Elenis, Evangelia, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Estrogen-modulating treatment among mid-life women and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality : a multiregister nationwide matched cohort study in Sweden
- 2024
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In: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7015. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundIt has been repeatedly shown that men infected by SARS-CoV-2 face a twofold higher likelihood of dying, being hospitalized or admitted to the intensive care unit compared to women, despite taking into account relevant confounders. It has been hypothesized that these discrepancies are related to sex steroid hormone differences with estrogens being negatively correlated with disease severity. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate COVID-19-related mortality and morbidity among peri- and postmenopausal women in relation to estrogen-containing menopause hormonal treatments (MHT).MethodsThis is a national register-based matched cohort study performed in Sweden between January 1 to December 31, 2020. Study participants comprised women over the age of 53 years residing in Sweden. Exposure was defined as prescriptions of local estrogens, systemic estrogens with and without progestogens, progestogens alone, or tibolone. MHT users were then compared with a matched cohort of non-users. The primary outcome consisted of COVID-19 mortality, whereas the secondary outcomes included inpatient hospitalizations/outpatient visits and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression-derived hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated.ResultsUse of systemic estrogens alone is associated with increased COVID-19 mortality among older women (aHR 4.73, 1.22 to 18.32), but the association is no longer significant when discontinuation of estrogen use is accounted for. An increased risk for COVID-19 infection is further observed for women using combined systemic estrogens and progestogens (aHR 1.06, 1.00 to 1.13) or tibolone (aHR 1.21, 1.01 to 1.45). Use of local estrogens is associated with an increased risk for COVID-19-related death (aHR 2.02,1.45 to 2.81) as well as for all secondary outcomes.ConclusionsSystemic or local use of estrogens does not decrease COVID-19 morbidity and mortality to premenopausal background levels. Excess risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality was noted among older women and those discontinuing systemic estrogens. Higher risk for death was also noted among women using local estrogens, for which non-causal mechanisms such as confounding by comorbidity or frailty seem to be the most plausible underlying explanations.
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| 3. |
- Elenis, Evangelia, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Neonatal outcomes in pregnancies resulting from oocyte donation : a cohort study in Sweden
- 2016
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In: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431 .- 1471-2431. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Pregnancies resulting through oocyte doantion have been associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes for the mother, such as gestational hypertensive disorders. However, little is known about possible neonatal complications of such pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neonatal health outcomes among singleton pregnancies in a population of relatively young and healthy oocyte recipients in Sweden, taking into account the medical indication leading to treatment.Methods: This cohort study involved 76 women conceiving with donated oocytes, 149 age-matched nulliparous women conceiving spontaneously and 63 women conceiving after non-donor IVF. Participants were recruited during 2005-2008 and followed up until delivery. Data on neonatal outcomes were retrieved from the National Birth Medical Register and the medical records of oocyte recipients from seven Swedish University Hospitals with IVF clinics. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association of mode of conception and neonatal outcomes, adjusted for maternal age and BMI, gestational age and delivery by cesarean section.Results: Infants conceived through oocyte donation had higher odds for premature delivery( OR 2.36, 95%CI(1.02-5.45)), for being small for gestational age (OR 4.23, 95%CI(1.03-17.42)), and having Apgar score below 7 at 5 min(OR 10.57, 95%CI(1.21-92.20)) compared to spontaneously conceived infants. Similar trends were observed when comparing infants conceived through oocyte donatiion to those conceived by traditional IVF. Furthermore, donor oocyte infants had a lower mean birthweight and length compared to autologous oocyte neonates (p=0.0013); however, no differences were noted among infants born at term. Neonatal outcomes were more favorable among women with diminished ovarian reserve compared to those with other indications for oocyte donation.Conclusions: Infants conceived after oocyte donation in Sweden have higher odds of being born prematurely and having lower mean birthweight in comparison to non-donor infants. It seems that these unfavorable neonatal outcomes are present despite the age, weight and health restrictions applied to recipients before oocyte donation treatment in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Salih Joelsson, Lana, et al.
(author)
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Investigating the effect of lifestyle risk factors upon the number of aspirated and mature oocytes in in vitro fertilization cycles : interaction with antral follicle count
- 2019
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is evidence demonstrating that certain lifestyle factors have a detrimental effect on fertility. Since such factors often coexist, possible synergistic effects merit further investigation. Thus we aimed to examine the cumulative impact of lifestyle factors on in vitro fertilization (IVF) early reproductive treatment outcomes and their interaction with measures of ovarian reserve. Materials and methods By following women who were starting their first fresh IVF cycle in 2 cohorts, the "Lifestyle study cohort" (hypothesis generating cohort, n = 242) and the "UppSTART study" (validation cohort, n = 432) in Sweden, we identified two significant risk factors acting independently, smoking and BMI, and then further assessed their cumulative effects. Results Women with both these risk factors had an Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) of 0.75 [(95% CI 0.61-0.94)] regarding the number of aspirated oocytes compared to women without these risk factors. Concerning the proportion of mature oocytes in relation to the total number of aspirated oocytes, the interaction between BMI and Antral Follicle Count (AFC) was significant (p-value 0.045): the lower the value of AFC, the more harmful the effect of BMI with the outcome. Conclusions Data shows that there is an individual as well as a cumulative effect of smoking and BMI on the number of aspirated and mature oocytes in fresh IVF treatment cycles. AFC might modify associations between BMI and the proportion of mature oocytes in relation to the total number of aspirated oocytes. These results highlight the importance of lifestyle factors on IVF early reproductive outcomes and provide additional evidence for the importance of preconception guidance for the optimization of IVF cycle outcome.
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| 6. |
- Skalkidou, Alkistis, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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SSRI use during pregnancy and risk for postpartum haemorrhage : a national register-based cohort study in Sweden
- 2020
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In: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 127:11, s. 1366-1373
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use during pregnancy, as well as prior or current untreated psychiatric illness is associated with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).DESIGN: National register-based cohort study based on data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register.SETTING: Sweden, nationwide coverage.POPULATION: A total of 31 159 pregnant women with singleton deliveries after gestational week 22+0 between January 2013 and July 2017.METHODS: Pregnant women with self-reported SSRI use at any time point during pregnancy were compared with non-SSRI-treated women with prior or current psychiatric illness, as well as wiith healthy women with no psychiatric illness or reporting SSRI use.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postpartum haemorrhage defined as blood loss >1000 ml during the first 2 hours postpartum reported by the delivering midwife or obstetrician.RESULTS: Postpartum haemorrhage prevalence was 7.0% among healthy women, 7.6% among women with prior or current psychiatric illness and 9.1% among women treated with SSRI. The unadjusted odds for PPH among women with prior or current psychiatric illness and women on SSRI treatment were increased by 9 and 34%, respectively, compared with healthy unmedicated women without a history of psychiatric illness (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.14 and OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24-1.44, respectively). The estimates remained unchanged after adjustment for several confounders (such as maternal age, body mass index [BMI], parity, prior caesarean section, smoking, occupation and country of birth) and potential covariates (such as delivery mode, polyhydramnion, preterm delivery, labour dystocia and infant birthweight >4000 g).CONCLUSIONS: Higher risk for PPH was observed both among women treated with SSRI during pregnancy and among women with prior or current psychiatric illness.TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: SSRI use at any point during pregnancy and prior or current history of psychiatric illness was associated with an increased likelihood for PPH.
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| 7. |
- Sylvén, Sara M, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Thyroid function tests at delivery and risk for postpartum depressive symptoms
- 2013
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 38:7, s. 1007-1013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common childbirth complication, which can have negative effects on both the newly delivered woman and her family. This condition is underdiagnosed and inadequately treated, while a biological diagnostic test is not yet available. Furthermore, postpartum thyroid dysfunction is common among new mothers, and some evidence point to an association between PPD and thyroid function disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between serum levels of thyroid hormones at the time of delivery, and the later development of depressive symptoms, using data from a population based cohort of Swedish women. Blood samples were collected during delivery from 347 participating women, delivering at Uppsala University Hospital. The participating women filled in at least one of three structured questionnaires, containing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), at five days, six weeks and six months postpartum. A cut-off of 12 or more was applied on the EPDS, to identify cases of self-reported PPD and controls. Using a binary logistic regression model (adjusting for previous psychiatric contact, smoking during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and sleep), having a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level over the clinical cut-off level of 4.0mU/L was associated with increased risk for depressive symptoms at six months postpartum (OR 11.30, 95% CI 1.93-66.11). A ROC analysis revealed that the predictive variable (PV) had significant predictive ability for PPD at 6 months postpartum, given that the AUC was 0.764, and at a PV cut-off value of 6.33, the sensitivity and specificity were 76.2% and 69.4%, respectively. If these findings are replicated in future studies, they can have important clinical implications, since TSH determination is an inexpensive routine blood test, and its inclusion in a biological screening test for PPD involving other parameters would be tempting.
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