| 2. |
- Skoog, J, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal environment in Swedish hospitals: Summer and winter measurements
- 2005
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. ; 37:8, s. 872-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two distinct groups of individuals (staff and patients) occupy hospital environments. The physical, social and individual needs of the patients as well as of the nursing staff vary to a large extent. Consequently, it is important to provide for a comfortable indoor environment for both groups of individuals. The variations between the groups make it hard to optimize the indoor environment for all individuals. Objective measurements and distribution of questionnaires were administrated in an orthopaedic ward. Questionnaires were distributed in order to learn more about how the indoor environment is perceived. To assess the response to the questionnaires, physical indoor climate variables were measured simultaneously. A combination of objective measurements and questionnaires is a suitable method to assess and analyse the indoor environment in hospital buildings. The data was collected during summer and winter to in order to identify possible seasonal variations. Comparisons show that the difference between staff and patients perception of the indoor air temperature differ more during winter than summer despite that physical measurements showed that the temperatures were similar in both seasons.
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| 3. |
- Tedeholm, Helen, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Time to secondary progression in patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with first generation immunomodulating drugs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 19:6, s. 765-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is currently unknown whether early immunomodulatory treatment in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) can delay the transition to secondary progression (SP). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanObjective: To compare the time interval from onset to SP in patients with RRMS between a contemporary cohort, treated with first generation disease modifying drugs (DMDs), and a historical control cohort. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: We included a cohort of contemporary RRMS patients treated with DMDs, obtained from the Swedish National MS Registry (disease onset between 1995-2004, n = 730) and a historical population-based incidence cohort (onset 1950-64, n = 186). We retrospectively analyzed the difference in time to SP, termed the "period effect" within a 12-year survival analysis, using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: We found that the "period" affected the entire severity spectrum. After adjusting for onset features, which were weaker in the contemporary material, as well as the therapy initiation time, the DMD-treated patients still exhibited a longer time to SP than the controls (hazard ratios: men, 0.32; women, 0.53). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: Our results showed there was a longer time to SP in the contemporary subjects given DMD. Our analyses suggested that this effect was not solely driven by the inclusion of benign cases, and it was at least partly due to the long-term immunomodulating therapy given.
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