| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Frady, E. P., et al.
(författare)
-
Computing on Functions Using Randomized Vector Representations (in brief)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450395595 ; , s. 115-122
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vector space models for symbolic processing that encode symbols by random vectors have been proposed in cognitive science and connectionist communities under the names Vector Symbolic Architecture (VSA), and, synonymously, Hyperdimensional (HD) computing [22, 31, 46]. In this paper, we generalize VSAs to function spaces by mapping continuous-valued data into a vector space such that the inner product between the representations of any two data points approximately represents a similarity kernel. By analogy to VSA, we call this new function encoding and computing framework Vector Function Architecture (VFA). In VFAs, vectors can represent individual data points as well as elements of a function space (a reproducing kernel Hilbert space). The algebraic vector operations, inherited from VSA, correspond to well-defined operations in function space. Furthermore, we study a previously proposed method for encoding continuous data, fractional power encoding (FPE), which uses exponentiation of a random base vector to produce randomized representations of data points and fulfills the kernel properties for inducing a VFA. We show that the distribution from which components of the base vector are sampled determines the shape of the FPE kernel, which in turn induces a VFA for computing with band-limited functions. In particular, VFAs provide an algebraic framework for implementing large-scale kernel machines with random features, extending [51]. Finally, we demonstrate several applications of VFA models to problems in image recognition, density estimation and nonlinear regression. Our analyses and results suggest that VFAs constitute a powerful new framework for representing and manipulating functions in distributed neural systems, with myriad potential applications in artificial intelligence.
|
|
| 4. |
- Josefsen, M. H., et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic PCR : Comparative sensitivity of four probe chemistries
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Probes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8508 .- 1096-1194. ; 23:3-4, s. 201-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three probe chemistries: locked nucleic acid (LNA), minor groove binder (MGB) and Scorpion were compared with a TaqMan probe in a validated real-time PCR assay for detection of food-borne thermotolerant Campylobacter. The LNA probe produced significantly lower Ct-values and a higher proportion of positive PCR responses analyzing less than 150 DNA copies than the TaqMan probe. Choice of probe chemistry clearly has an impact on the sensitivity of PCR assays, and should be considered in an optimization strategy.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kleyko, Denis, et al.
(författare)
-
Integer Factorization with Compositional Distributed Representations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450395595 ; , s. 73-80
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present an approach to integer factorization using distributed representations formed with Vector Symbolic Architectures. The approach formulates integer factorization in a manner such that it can be solved using neural networks and potentially implemented on parallel neuromorphic hardware. We introduce a method for encoding numbers in distributed vector spaces and explain how the resonator network can solve the integer factorization problem. We evaluate the approach on factorization of semiprimes by measuring the factorization accuracy versus the scale of the problem. We also demonstrate how the proposed approach generalizes beyond the factorization of semiprimes; in principle, it can be used for factorization of any composite number. This work demonstrates how a well-known combinatorial search problem may be formulated and solved within the framework of Vector Symbolic Architectures, and it opens the door to solving similarly difficult problems in other domains.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sommer, S.G., et al.
(författare)
-
Region-specific assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation with different manure management strategies in four agroecological zones
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 15:12, s. 2825-2837
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livestock farming systems are major sources of trace gases contributing to emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), i.e. N2O accounts for 10% and CH4 for 30% of the anthropogenic contributions to net global warming. This paper presents scenario assessments of whole-system effects of technologies for reducing GHG emissions from livestock model farms using slurry-based manure management. Changes in housing and storage practice, mechanical separation, and incineration of the solid fraction derived from separation were evaluated in scenarios for Sweden, Denmark, France, and Italy. The results demonstrated that changes in manure management can induce significant changes in CH4 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration, and that the effect of introducing environmental technologies may vary significantly with live- stock farming practice and interact with climatic conditions. Shortening the in-house manure storage time reduced GHG emissions by 0-40%. The largest GHG reductions of 49 to, in one case, 82% were obtained with a combination of slurry separation and incineration, the latter process contributing to a positive GHG balance of the system by substituting fossil fuels. The amount and composition of volatile solids (VS) and nitrogen pools were main drivers in the calculations performed, and requirements to improve the assessment of VS composition and turnover during storage and in the field were identified. Nevertheless, the results clearly showed that GHG emission estimates will be unrealistic, if the assumed manure management or climatic conditions do not properly represent a given country or region. The results also showed that the mitigation potential of specific manure management strategies and technologies varied depending on current management and climatic conditions. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
|
|
