| 1. |
- Teriö, H, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of elastic properties in the urethral flow controlling zone by signal analysis of urodynamic pressure/flow data.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 27:3, s. 314-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When urethral flow is treated as a lossless flow through an elastic tube, the relationship between the detrusor pressure and the urinary flow can be related to the elasticity of the flow-controlling zone of the urethra. A recent analytical method of describing urethral elasticity is implemented on a computer. The function p(Q) = pmo + LmQm is fitted to the recorded pressure/flow data. p(Q) is the detrusor pressure, Q the flow and pmo, m and Lm parameters. The elastic properties are then obtained as p(A) = pmo + KnAn, where p(A) is the static pressure, A the cross-sectional area of the flow-controlling zone and n and Kn calculated parameters. The urodynamic methods used and the computer implementation of the analytical method are described. In obstructed and unobstructed men without neurological symptoms, the elastic properties could be estimated in 94 per cent of the micturitions. The method makes it possible to describe urethral flow properties with Griffiths' model in a standardised way and compare results obtained by different investigators. It is recommended for quantification of urethral obstruction in research and for assessment of borderline cases of obstruction in clinical practice.
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| 2. |
- Gotte, A., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics study of oxygen self-diffusion in reduced CeO2
- 2007
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Ingår i: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2738 .- 1872-7689. ; 178:25-26, s. 1421-1427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxygen self-diffusion in partially reduced CeO2 has been investigated by large-scale Molecular Dynamics simulations, in the temperature range between 800 and 2200 K. Simulation boxes with similar to 4100 and similar to 33,000 ions were investigated for randomly distributed oxygen vacancies and Ce3+ ions. Our calculated self-diffusion coefficients vary between 10(-8) and 10(-6) cm(2)/s in the temperature range studied. The activation energy and D-0 values are also reported. The oxygen diffusion mechanism has also been analyzed: only a (< 100 > vacancy mechanism is observed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hofmarcher, T., et al.
(författare)
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The societal costs of problem gambling in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Problem gambling is a public health issue affecting both the gamblers, their families, their employers, and society as a whole. Recent law changes in Sweden oblige local and regional health authorities to invest more in prevention and treatment of problem gambling. The economic consequences of gambling, and thereby the potential economic consequences of policy changes in the area, are unknown, as the cost of problem gambling to society has remained largely unexplored in Sweden and similar settings. Methods: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study for Sweden for the year 2018 was conducted. A societal approach was chosen in order to include direct costs (such as health care and legal costs), indirect costs (such as lost productivity due to unemployment), and intangible costs (such as reduced quality of life due to emotional distress). Costs were estimated by combining epidemiological and unit cost data. Results: The societal costs of problem gambling amounted to 1.42 billion euros in 2018, corresponding to 0.30% of the gross domestic product. Direct costs accounted only for 13% of the total costs. Indirect costs accounted for more than half (59%) of the total costs, while intangible costs accounted for 28%. The societal costs were more than twice as high as the tax revenue from gambling in 2018. Direct and indirect costs of problem gambling combined amounted to one third of the equivalent costs of smoking and one sixth of the costs of alcohol consumption in Sweden. Conclusions: Problem gambling is increasingly recognized as a public health issue. The societal costs of it are not negligible, also in relation to major public health issues of an addictive nature such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Direct costs for prevention and treatment are very low. A stronger focus on prevention and treatment might help to reduce many of the very high indirect and intangible costs in the future.
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| 5. |
- Kersti, Hermansson, et al.
(författare)
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The vibrating hydroxide ion in water
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 514:1-3, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The OH− ion in water is studied using a CPMD/BLYP + QMelectronic + QMvibrational approach. The ion resides in a cage of water molecules, which are H-bonded among each other, and pinned by H-bonding to the ion’s O atom. The water network keeps the ‘on-top’ water in place, despite the fact that this particular ion-water pair interaction is non-binding. The calculated OH− vibrational peak maximum is at ∼3645 cm−1 (experiment ∼3625 cm−1) and the shift with respect to the gas-phase is ∼ +90 cm−1 (experiment +70 cm−1). The waters molecules on each side of the ion (O and H) induce a substantial OH− vibrational blueshift, but the net effect is much smaller than the sum. A parabolic ‘frequency-field’ relation qualitatively explains this non-additivity. The calculated ‘in-liquid’ ν(OH−) anharmonicity is 85 cm−1.
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| 6. |
- Kjerstadius, H., et al.
(författare)
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Carbon footprint of urban source separation for nutrient recovery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 197, s. 250-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Source separation systems for the management of domestic wastewater and food waste has been suggested as more sustainable sanitation systems for urban areas. The present study used an attributional life cycle assessment to investigate the carbon footprint and potential for nutrient recovery of two sanitation systems for a hypothetical urban area in Southern Sweden. The systems represented a typical Swedish conventional system and a possible source separation system with increased nutrient recovery. The assessment included the management chain from household collection, transport, treatment and final return of nutrients to agriculture or disposal of the residuals. The results for carbon footprint and nutrient recovery (phosphorus and nitrogen) concluded that the source separation system could increase nutrient recovery (0.30–0.38 kg P capita−1 year−1 and 3.10–3.28 kg N capita−1 year−1), while decreasing the carbon footprint (−24 to −58 kg CO2-eq. capita−1 year−1), compared to the conventional system. The nutrient recovery was increased by the use of struvite precipitation and ammonium stripping at the wastewater treatment plant. The carbon footprint decreased, mainly due to the increased biogas production, increased replacement of mineral fertilizer in agriculture and less emissions of nitrous oxide from wastewater treatment. In conclusion, the study showed that source separation systems could potentially be used to increase nutrient recovery from urban areas, while decreasing the climate impact.
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| 7. |
- Raymand, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxylation Structure and Proton Transfer Reactivity at the Zinc Oxide-Water Interface
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:17, s. 8573-8579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydroxylation structural features of the first adsorption layer and its connection to proton transfer reactivity has been studied for the ZnO–liquid water interface at room temperature. Molecular Dynamics simulations employing the ReaxFF forcefield were performed for water on seven ZnO surfaces with varying step concentration. At higher water coverage a higher level of hydroxylation was found, in agreement with previous experimental results. We have also calculated the free energy barrier for transferring a proton to the surface, showing that stepped surfaces stabilizes the hydroxylated state and decreases the water dissociation barrier. On highly stepped surfaces the barrier is only 2 kJ/mol or smaller. Outside the first adsorption layer no dissociation events were observed during almost 100 ns of simulation time; this indicates that these reactions are much more likely if catalysed by the metal oxide surface. Also, when exposed to a vacuum, the less stepped surfaces stabilizes adsorption beyond monolayer coverage.
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| 8. |
- Raymand, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Water adsorption on stepped ZnO surfaces from MD simulation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 604:9-10, s. 741-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a ReaxFF reactive force-field for use in molecular dynamics simulations of the ZnO–water system. The force-field parameters were fitted to a data-set of energies, geometries and charges derived from quantum-mechanical B3LYP calculations. The presented ReaxFF model provides a good fit to the QM reference data for the ZnO–water system that was present in the data-set. The force-field has been used to study how water is adsorbed, molecularly or dissociatively, at monolayer coverage on flat and stepped ZnO surfaces, at three different temperatures (10 K, 300 K, and 600 K). The stepped surfaces were created by introducing steps along the (0 0 0 1)-direction on the -surface. Equilibrium between molecular and dissociated water was observed on the terraces, resulting in a half dissociated, half molecular water monolayer. The equilibrium between dissociated and molecular water on the surface was found to be reached quickly (<10 ps). When water molecules desorb and the coverage falls, the 1:1 water–hydroxyl ratio is maintained on terraces, while steps remain largely hydroxylated. The results show that structures that promote hydrogen bonding are favored and that the presence of steps promotes an increased level of hydroxylation in the water monolayers.
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