| 1. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying proactive and reactive policy entrepreneurs in collaborative networks in flood risk management
- 2024
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Ingår i: Policy & Politics. - 0305-5736. ; 52:2, s. 298-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A policy entrepreneur is a distinct political actor aiming to affect change. The theoretical narrative regarding policy entrepreneurs is underpinned by their commitment to a policy solution, the multi-dimensional strategies they use to promote that solution, and a suite of attributes and skills facilitating their actions. Policy entrepreneurs reveal themselves through their attempts to transform policy ideas into policy innovations and, hence, disrupt status quo policy arrangements. Indeed, policy entrepreneurs share sensibilities with entrepreneurs in the market, whose conceptualisation serves as a heuristic for their counterparts in policy and politics. The emphasis on change borne out of innovative solutions distinguishes policy entrepreneurs from many other actors who aim to maintain current institutional settings and power relations. The growing scholarship on policy entrepreneurship assumes intentionality as inherent to the policy entrepreneur and their actions, foregrounding the image of the tenacious political actor set on steering their a priori pet policy to a suitable problem. This article draws from the market theory on entrepreneurship, contrasting proactive policy entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship by opportunity) and reactive policy entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship by necessity). We conduct a comparative social network analysis of three municipalities in southern Sweden focused on flood risk mitigation. We demonstrate two different logics of policy entrepreneurship (as a result of seizing opportunities versus as a reaction to vertical pressure), and we explore the consequences for enhancing our understanding of policy entrepreneurship.
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| 2. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying proactive and reactive policy entrepreneurs in collaborative networks in flood risk management
- 2024
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Ingår i: Policy and Politics. - : Bristol University Press. - 0305-5736 .- 1470-8442. ; 52:2, s. 298-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A policy entrepreneur is a distinct political actor aiming to affect change. The theoretical narrative regarding policy entrepreneurs is underpinned by their commitment to a policy solution, the multi-dimensional strategies they use to promote that solution, and a suite of attributes and skills facilitating their actions. Policy entrepreneurs reveal themselves through their attempts to transform policy ideas into policy innovations and, hence, disrupt status quo policy arrangements. Indeed, policy entrepreneurs share sensibilities with entrepreneurs in the market, whose conceptualisation serves as a heuristic for their counterparts in policy and politics. The emphasis on change borne out of innovative solutions distinguishes policy entrepreneurs from many other actors who aim to maintain current institutional settings and power relations. The growing scholarship on policy entrepreneurship assumes intentionality as inherent to the policy entrepreneur and their actions, foregrounding the image of the tenacious political actor set on steering their a priori pet policy to a suitable problem. This article draws from the market theory on entrepreneurship, contrasting proactive policy entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship by opportunity) and reactive policy entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship by necessity). We conduct a comparative social network analysis of three municipalities in southern Sweden focused on flood risk mitigation. We demonstrate two different logics of policy entrepreneurship (as a result of seizing opportunities versus as a reaction to vertical pressure), and we explore the consequences for enhancing our understanding of policy entrepreneurship
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| 3. |
- Becker, Per
(författare)
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On the governmentalization of sustainability : the case of flood risk mitigation in Sweden
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contemporary society is confronted with numerous sustainability challenges. Some are new, others have been around since time immemorial, but none have been governed on the societal level since their emergence. Despite an abundant literature that addresses the governing of a range of such sustainability challenges, the processes through which they become something governable in the first place have not received much attention. This thesis, therefore, seeks to increase our understanding of how complex sustainability challenges become governmentalized in advanced liberal democracies. It presents an empirical investigation of the recent problematization of flood risk mitigation in a specific area. The goal is to answer two questions: (1) how flood risk mitigation is governed; and (2) how the process of governmentalization is conditioning this governing in Sweden. It combines theoretical perspectives of governmentality and new institutionalism. The case study focuses on the governing of flood risk mitigation in Lomma municipality and the Höje Å catchment area in Southern Sweden, and mixes structural and interpretative methods.Data were collected through 217 interviews with all actors who actively contribute to flood risk mitigation in the area, together with numerous documentary sources. The findings reveal remarkable spatial, temporal, and functional fragmentation in the regime of practices mitigating flood risk, a concentration of responsibility for flood risk mitigation in municipal administrations, and an escalating penetration and diffusion of the market in its governing. Four constituent processes of governmentalization were identified. Reductivization refers to the process of conceptualizing the complex problem in smaller, disconnected parts. Projectification captures how the problem is addressed through piecemeal projects. Responsibilization is the process by which responsibility is transferred to an actor with less power and who lacks appropriate resources, and commodification refers to seeing the solution to the problem as the aggregation of standardized modules that can be sourced on the market. While these processes are intrinsically linked, and combine to seriously undermine the purpose of flood risk mitigation, they are also fundamental for it to become governable in the first place. This nexus may be a general feature of the governmentalization of complex sustainability challenges in advanced liberal democracies, albeit to various degrees and in different ways depending on the penetration and diffusion of neoliberalism.
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| 4. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Proactive vs. Reactive Policy Entrepreneurship Among Public Servants: A Network Approach
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A policy entrepreneur is a distinct kind of political actor aimed at affecting change. The theoretical narrative regarding policy entrepreneurs is underpinned by their commitment to a policy solution, the multi-dimensional strategies they use to promote that solution, and a suite of attributes and skills facilitating their actions. Policy entrepreneurs reveal themselves through their attempts to transform policy ideas into policy innovations and, hence, disrupt status quo policy arrangements. (Petridou and Mintrom, 2021). Indeed, policy entrepreneurs share sensibilities with entrepreneurs in the market, whose conceptualization served as a heuristic for their counterparts in policy and politics. The emphasis on change based on innovative solutions distinguishes policy entrepreneurs from many other actors, who aim at the maintenance of current institutional settings and power relations. The growing scholarship on policy entrepreneurship has assumed thus an intentionality inherent to the policy entrepreneur and their actions, foregrounding the image of the tenacious political actor set on steering their a priori pet policy to a suitable problem. Recent research on policy entrepreneurs has produced a more nuanced understanding of such actors in their identity as public servants. A recent paper by Petridou et al. (forthcoming) developed the concept of reactive entrepreneurship, engendered in the aftermath of focusing events characterized by a compressed time horizon; a policy community in consensus; low levels of ambiguity the urgency for a satisficing solution, and the framing of the policy problem in technical terms. In this paper, we adopt a formal social network analysis to explore proactive and reactive entrepreneurship in flood risk governance in two Swedish municipalities. We use centrality measures to articulate power of the flow of resources and trust in the respective networks concluding with an analytical framework of reactive and proactive policy entrepreneurship in relational terms.
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| 5. |
- Danielsson, Erna, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-organizational collaboration - A workshop experiment on how different professionals view an incident
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference: Integrative Risk Management - The Role of Science, Technology and Practice, IDRC Davos 2014. - : Global Risk Forum. ; , s. 192-195
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine how personnel from different organizations create meaning and intend to act in a potential dangerous situation. Design/methodology: The article rests upon an experiment, showing a movie with a bomb at the entrance of a retirement center. The task of the participants was to describe the situation and decide how to act in different situations. The participants involve was personnel from different kinds of organizations. Findings: Our findings show that there are different kinds of understanding of the situation and how to act, that could be explained by the logic of the organizational field, professional knowledge and the person's earlier experience. Originality/value: While most studies have been focusing on the interaction between emergency organizations alone, this study has investigated the sense making and acting of emergency organizations and other non-emergency organization. Most studies are also conducted either as retrospective interviews after a crisis or during training exercise. This study rest upon an experiment, were the subjects had to interpret the situation and decide how to act in real time.
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| 6. |
- Danielsson, Erna, Professor, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Producing knowledge about extreme situations
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about disasters, emergencies, and other extreme situations is produced through outputs from research, lived experiences and social processes. The knowledge, however, is rarely analyzed from a philosophical point of view that is, the kind of knowledge being (re)produced and to what end is unproblematized. This is partly a methodological problem as extreme situations are often hard to study in real time because they are dangerous, uncertain, and complex. By finding new ways of studying extreme situations we can gain insight into new perspectives and produce novel kinds of knowledge.
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| 7. |
- Danielsson, Erna, et al.
(författare)
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Sektorsövergripande samverkan vid kriser
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport har varit att studera den sektorsövergripande samverkan som sker mellan räddningsorganisationer och organisationer vars verksamhet är att ha omsorg om äldre eller barn, när dessa organisationer möts under en räddningsinsats. Resultatet visar att sektorsövergripande samverkan försvåras av att det i mötet mellan dessa organisationer saknas kunskap om de rutiner som styr den plats där händelsen sker och förståelse för den uppkomna situationen. Vidare att ansvaret för räddningsinsatsen ofta helt lämnas över till räddningsorganisationerna.• Vid sektorsövergripande krishantering har de ingående organisationerna kunskap om olika faktorer under händelsen. Organisationer utan krishanteringsvana kan ha svårt att förstå situationen när en kris drabbar deras organisation. Däremot har de kunskap om platsens förutsättningar. Räddningsorganisationer har inte alltid kunskap om platsens förutsättningar när de kommer till en skadeplats, däremot kan situationen var känd och något de ofta möter.• Uppgiften att avhjälpa själva krisen till exempel släcka en brand, har räddningsorganisationerna erfarenhet av. Uppgifter relaterade till platsen, till exempel att möta de behov som barn och äldre har och de rationaliteter som gäller den här typen av arbete, har omsorgsorganisationerna kunskap om. Den organisationsknutna kunskapen delas dock inte över sektorerna.• Omsorgsorganisationer och räddningsorganisationer utgår från olika logiker i sitt arbete. Omsorgsorganisationer har sällan krishanteringsvana när det gäller ordinära kriser och de utgår i sitt arbete från en omsorgslogik med fokus på värnandet om elever eller äldre; räddningsorganisationer utgår i sitt arbete från kommunikativ eller incidentkontrollerande logik och ofta ser de krisen som en vardagskris. Detta gör att personalen vid de olika organisationerna förstår samma händelse på olika sätt.• Vid en händelse är det inte ovanligt att de olika organisationerna inte samverkar under krisen utan att var och en gör sitt och anpassar sin verksamhet enbart till händelsen.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Demarin, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Samhällsvetenskapliga perspektiv på risk och kris : Uppfattning, kommunikation och organisation.
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskargruppen KRIHS, Kris och risk i det heterogena samhället, har fått uppdraget att skriva en kunskapsöversikt inom ramen för MSB:s verksamhetsområden skydd mot olyckor, krishantering och civil beredskap. Uppdraget har gjorts i samarbete med Eva-Lena Demarin som stått för stora delar av sammanställningen av tidigare forskning samt delar av övriga avsnitt. Undertecknad ansvarar för översiktens vetenskapliga kvalitet. Kunskapsöversikten är dock ett resultat av forskargruppens gemensamma ansträngningar. Tillsammans med Eva-Lena har gruppen träffats vid fem tillfällen varav vid ett seminarium där texten diskuterats och reviderats. De som varit med och diskuterat, samlat in material och/eller skrivit delar av översikten är förutom ovan nämnda, Erna Danielsson, Sara Ekholm, Linda Eliasson, Roine Johansson, Jörgen Sparf, Erika Wall och Susanna Öhman.Då både tiden och utrymmet har varit begränsat gör vi inga anspråk på att kunskapsöversikten är heltäckande. Den ska snarare ses som en ganska grovkorning bild av de senaste tio årens risk- och krisforskning rörande uppfattningar, kommunikation och organisation. Det huvudsakliga bidraget är att översikten identifierar vissa områden där kunskapsuppbyggnad behövs. På så sätt kan översikten ses som en karta där vissa kompassriktningar markerats utifrån vilka MSB kan välja vilka som passar myndighetens framtida verksamhet.
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| 10. |
- Faber, Michael H, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinary Approach to Disaster Resilience Education and Research
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia Economics and Finance. - 2212-5671. ; 18, s. 601-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is based on the results of a survey on “Interdisciplinary working in disaster resilience” conducted by the WP4 work group of the ANDROID Network. The survey had the aim of gathering information on the state of art and practice in the field of disaster resilience and promoting co-operation and interdisciplinary methodologies in research and education. The survey has been carried out by means of a questionnaire focusing on disaster-resilience projects and on the main challenges faced in interdisciplinary working. The results of the questionnaire, which collected 57 answers from more than 20 European countries and few extra European countries as well, allow for three main considerations: i) projects involved 5 different disciplines as average and geography and sociology were present in the majority of the projects; ii) the level of interconnection between disciplines seems intermediate, meaning that information and methods are exchanged, but a full integration of methods and concepts into a common shared language and system of axioms is missing; iii) the lack of a common framework and common terminology represents a major barrier to good interdisciplinary work. The results highlight the role played in disaster-resilience design by social and cultural aspects, which are instead not often adequately considered in the practice. The establishment of an education on resilient design of urban system, which includes both social and technological aspects, emerges as a possible solution to overcome barriers to interdisciplinary work and improve the efficacy and quality of resilience design.
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