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Sökning: WFRF:(Spigset O)

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1.
  • Eap, C. B., et al. (författare)
  • Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests) : focus on antidepressants
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 22:8, s. 561-628
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: More than 40 drugs are available to treat affective disorders. Individual selection of the optimal drug and dose is required to attain the highest possible efficacy and acceptable tolerability for every patient. Methods: This review, which includes more than 500 articles selected by 30 experts, combines relevant knowledge on studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of 33 antidepressant drugs and of 4 drugs approved for augmentation in cases of insufficient response to antidepressant monotherapy. Such studies typically measure drug concentrations in blood (i.e. therapeutic drug monitoring) and genotype relevant genetic polymorphisms of enzymes, transporters or receptors involved in drug metabolism or mechanism of action. Imaging studies, primarily positron emission tomography that relates drug concentrations in blood and radioligand binding, are considered to quantify target structure occupancy by the antidepressant drugs in vivo. Results: Evidence is given that in vivo imaging, therapeutic drug monitoring and genotyping and/or phenotyping of drug metabolising enzymes should be an integral part in the development of any new antidepressant drug. Conclusions: To guide antidepressant drug therapy in everyday practice, there are multiple indications such as uncertain adherence, polypharmacy, nonresponse and/or adverse reactions under therapeutically recommended doses, where therapeutic drug monitoring and cytochrome P450 genotyping and/or phenotyping should be applied as valid tools of precision medicine.
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  • Bixo, M, et al. (författare)
  • Binding of [3H]paroxetine to serotonin uptake sites and of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide to 5-HT2A receptors in platelets from women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder during gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment.
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 26:6, s. 551-64
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Changes in serotonergic parameters have been reported in psychiatric conditions such as depression but also in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). In addition, hormonal effects on serotonergic activity have been established. In the present study, binding of [3H]paroxetine to platelet serotonin uptake sites and binding of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide ([3H]LSD) to platelet serotonin (5-HT)2A receptors were studied in patients with PMDD treated with a low dose of a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (buserelin) or placebo and compared to controls. The PMDD patients were relieved of premenstrual symptoms like depression and irritability during buserelin treatment. The number of [3H]paroxetine binding sites (Bmax) were significantly higher in the follicular phase in untreated PMDD patients compared to controls. When treated with buserelin the difference disappeared. No differences in [3H]LSD binding between the three groups were shown. The present study demonstrated altered platelet [3H]paroxetine binding characteristics in women with PMDD compared to controls. Furthermore, [3H]paroxetine binding was affected by PMDD treatment with a low dose of buserelin. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in serotonergic transmission could be a trait in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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3.
  • Güzey, C., et al. (författare)
  • Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia : associations with dopamine and serotonin receptor and transporter polymorphisms
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 63:3, s. 233-241
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Little is known about the influence of polymorphisms of the dopamine and serotonin system on the risk for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) during treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Methods: Of 119 subjects with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics, 63 had current or previous EPS (acute dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia), and 56 had no such symptoms. All subjects were genotyped for a total of eight dopamine and serotonin receptor and transporter polymorphisms: the Taq1A polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene, the Msc1 polymorphism of the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) gene, the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene, four polymorphisms (102T/C, His452Tyr, 516 C/T, and Thr25Asn) of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5HTR2A) gene, and the 5HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (5HTT) gene. Results: The frequency of the A1 allele of the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism was significantly higher in the EPS group than in the control group [16% vs. 7%, P=0.040; odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.7]. Also, the 9 repeat allele of the DAT1 VNTR polymorphism was significantly more common in the EPS group (42% vs. 28%, P=0.030; OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.3). Being a carrier of both DRD2 Taq1A A1 and DAT1 VNTR 9 repeat alleles was also significantly associated with the occurrence of EPS (19% vs. 6%, P=0.040; OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.05-15.2) No significant differences in allele frequencies were found for the other polymorphisms. Conclusion: Presence of the Taq1A A1 allele of the DRD2 and the 9 repeat allele of the DAT1 VNTR polymorphisms might be risk factors for EPS caused by antipsychotic drugs.
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4.
  • Hagg, S, et al. (författare)
  • Olanzapine and venous thromboembolism
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: International Clinical Psychopharmacology. - 1473-5857. ; 18:5, s. 299-300
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Clozapine has recently been associated with venous thromboembolism. The aim of this study was to describe three elderly patients in whom olanzapine therapy was associated with venous thromboembolism. During a 4-month period at the same psychogeriatric clinic, three elderly patients (an 89-year-old male, a 78-year-old male and an 83-year-old female) developed deep venous thrombosis shortly after treatment with olanzapine was initiated. Two of the patients also had symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. None had previously been diagnosed with various thromboembolism. These cases indicate that venous thromboembolism might be associated with the use of olanzapine, at least in geriatric patients. Subjects treated with olanzapine should be monitored clinically for venous thromboembolism to ensure early detection and prompt intervention, and a possible discontinuation of treatment with olanzapine should be considered after a diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
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9.
  • Lupattelli, A., et al. (författare)
  • Medication use in pregnancy: a cross-sectional, multinational web-based study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 4:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives Intercountry comparability between studies on medication use in pregnancy is difficult due to dissimilarities in study design and methodology. This study aimed to examine patterns and factors associated with medications use in pregnancy from a multinational perspective, with emphasis on type of medication utilised and indication for use. Design Cross-sectional, web-based study performed within the period from 1 October 2011 to 29 February 2012. Uniform collection of drug utilisation data was performed via an anonymous online questionnaire. Setting Multinational study in Europe (Western, Northern and Eastern), North and South America and Australia. Participants Pregnant women and new mothers with children less than 1year of age. Primary and secondary outcome measures Prevalence of and factors associated with medication use for acute/short-term illnesses, chronic/long-term disorders and over-the-counter (OTC) medication use. Results The study population included 9459 women, of which 81.2% reported use of at least one medication (prescribed or OTC) during pregnancy. Overall, OTC medication use occurred in 66.9% of the pregnancies, whereas 68.4% and 17% of women reported use of at least one medication for treatment of acute/short-term illnesses and chronic/long-term disorders, respectively. The extent of self-reported medicated illnesses and types of medication used by indication varied across regions, especially in relation to urinary tract infections, depression or OTC nasal sprays. Women with higher age or lower educational level, housewives or women with an unplanned pregnancy were those most often reporting use of medication for chronic/long-term disorders. Immigrant women in Western (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.55, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.87) and Northern Europe (aOR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.83) were less likely to report use of medication for chronic/long-term disorders during pregnancy than non-immigrants. Conclusions In this study, the majority of women in Europe, North America, South America and Australia used at least one medication during pregnancy. There was a substantial inter-region variability in the types of medication used.
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