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| 2. |
- Bouwmeester, S, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012) : Multilab direct replication of: Study 7 from Rand, D. G., Greene, J. D., & Nowak, M. A. (2012) Spontaneous giving and calculated greed. Nature, 489, 427–430.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 12:3, s. 527-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.
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| 3. |
- Stender, Joshua D, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Molecular Mechanisms of Cytokine-Mediated Endocrine Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Cell. - Cambridge, United States : Cell Press. - 1097-2765 .- 1097-4164. ; 65:6, s. 1122-1135.e5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human breast cancers that exhibit high proportions of immune cells and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines predict poor prognosis. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells with pro-inflammatory cytokines results in ERα-dependent activation of gene expression and proliferation, in the absence of ligand or presence of 4OH-tamoxifen (TOT). Cytokine activation of ERα and endocrine resistance is dependent on phosphorylation of ERα at S305 in the hinge domain. Phosphorylation of S305 by IKKβ establishes an ERα cistrome that substantially overlaps with the estradiol (E2)-dependent ERα cistrome. Structural analyses suggest that S305-P forms a charge-linked bridge with the C-terminal F domain of ERα that enables inter-domain communication and constitutive activity from the N-terminal coactivator-binding site, revealing the structural basis of endocrine resistance. ERα therefore functions as a transcriptional effector of cytokine-induced IKKβ signaling, suggesting a mechanism through which the tumor microenvironment controls tumor progression and endocrine resistance.
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| 4. |
- Fischer, A.M., et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved cathodoluminescence of Mg-doped GaN
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 93:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical properties of GaN films doped with magnesium concentrations of the order of 1018 and 1019 cm-3 have been analyzed by picosecond time-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. Two luminescence bands in the vicinity of ~3.45 and ~3.27 eV are observed to increase in intensity with Mg concentration. They have been identified as related to acceptor-bound exciton and donor-acceptor pair (DAP) transitions, respectively. Time-resolved cathodoluminescence spectra, taken at low temperatures (~4 K), show that the lifetime of the DAP peak (3.27 eV) and of what appears to be its first longitudinal-optical phonon replica at ~3.19 eV decrease with increasing Mg concentration. These peaks differ in their recombination kinetics, strongly suggesting the existence of an underlying broad emission band which may be related to Mg. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.
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| 5. |
- Muggleton, S.H., et al.
(författare)
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Are grammatical representations useful for learning from biological sequence data? - a case study
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates whether Chomsky-like grammar representations are useful for learning cost-effective, comprehensible predictors of members of biological sequence families. The Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) Bayesian approach to learning from positive examples is used to generate a grammar for recognising a class of proteins known as human neuropeptide precursors (NPPs). Collectively, five of the co-authors of this paper, have extensive expertise on NPPs and general bioinformatics methods. Their motivation for generating a NPP grammar was that none of the existing bioinformatics methods could provide sufficient cost-savings during the search for new NPPs. Prior to this project experienced specialists at SmithKline Beecham had tried for many months to hand-code such a grammar but without success. Our best predictor makes the search for novel NPPs more than 100 times more efficient than randomly selecting proteins for synthesis and testing them for biological activity. As far as these authors are aware, this is both the first biological grammar learnt using ILP and the first real-world scientific application of the ILP Bayesian approach to learning from positive examples.A group of features is derived from this grammar. Other groups of features of NPPs are derived using other learning strategies. Amalgams of these groups are formed. A recognition model is generated for each amalgam using C4.5 and C4.5rules and its performance is measured using both predictive accuracy and a new cost function, Relative Advantage ( RA ). The highest RA was achieved by a model which includes grammar-derived features. This RA is significantly higher than the best RA achieved without the use of the grammar-derived features. Predictive accuracy is not a good measure of performance for this domain because it does not discriminate well between NPP recognition models: despite covering varying numbers of (the rare) positives, all the models are awarded a similar (high) score by predictive accuracy because they all exclude most of the abundant negatives.
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| 6. |
- Osterman, J., et al.
(författare)
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Scanning spreading resistance microscopy of aluminum implanted 4H-SiC
- 2003
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - 0921-5107 .- 1873-4944. ; 102:1-3, s. 128-131
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Results from the application of scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) for characterization of aluminum implanted 4H-SiC are presented. The implanted profiles are investigated electrically and morphologically as a function of post-implantation anneal conditions. The method is shown to be advantageous for measuring and optimizing the activation in many aspects with respect to existing alternative techniques: it provides information of the entire depth and Al concentration range, it is unaffected by annealing induced re-growth and/or surface roughening, and requires little sample preparation. The results indicate that the apparent activation and surface roughness do not saturate in the investigated temperature range of 1500-1650 °C. Finally, an apparent activation energy for the process of 3 eV is estimated. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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