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- Glimskär Stålberg, Karin, 1971-
(författare)
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Prenatal Ultrasound and X-ray - Potentially Adverse Effects on the CNS
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim with this thesis was to assess the impact of prenatal ultrasound exposure on psychotic illness, childhood brain tumors (CBT) and school achievement, and to evaluate prenatal X-ray exposure and the risk of CBT.In a cohort study, children born in Malmö 1973-1978, where prenatal ultrasound was used routinely, were considered exposed (n=13, 212) and children born at hospitals with no use of ultrasound, were considered unexposed (n=357,733). Exposed men had a tendency toward a higher risk of schizophrenia. For other psychoses there were no differences between groups. Other factors related to place of birth might have influenced the results. In a case control study, children born 1975-1984 with a diagnosis of CBT (n=512), and randomly selected control children (n=524) were included. Exposure data on X-ray and ultrasound from antenatal records was completed with information from the Medical Birth Register. We found no overall increased risk for CBT after prenatal X-ray exposure. When stratifying by histological subgroups, primitive neuroectodermal tumors had the highest risk estimates. For ultrasound exposure, no increased risk for CBT was seen and numbers of examinations or gestational age at exposure had no substantial impact on the results. In a follow-up of a randomized trial on prenatal ultrasound scanning 1985-87, we assessed the children’s school grades when graduating from primary school (15-16 years of age). We performed analyses according to randomization, ultrasound exposure in the second trimester and exposure at any time during pregnancy. There were no differences in school performance for boys or girls according to randomization or exposure in the second trimester. Boys exposed to ultrasound any time during fetal life had a reduced mean score in physical education and small, non-significant increased risk of poor school performance in general.
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- Jónsdottir, Björg, 1982-
(författare)
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The extent of gynaecological cancer : Evaluation, outcome and quality of life
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to enhance treatment planning for gynaecological cancer patients and identify women that are more likely to have impaired quality of life (QoL) after treatment. In a retrospective cohort study on ovarian cancer, the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was examined in relation to incomplete cytoreductive surgeries (CRS) and surgical complications (n=167). The PCI was found to be an excellent predictor of incomplete CRS (AUC 0.94). Complete CRS was obtained for only 67.2% of the patients with a PCI score higher than 24, who also experienced an increased rate of complications (p = 0.008). In a prospective study, radiologic PCI assessed with integrated PET/MRI and DW-MRI was compared with the surgical PCI as the gold standard (n=34). The median total PCI for PET/MRI (21.5) was closer to the surgical PCI (24.5) (p = 0.6) than to DW-MRI (20.0, p = 0.007). PET/MRI was more accurate (p = 0.3) for evaluating patients at primary diagnosis and for evaluating high tumour burden in inoperable patients.In a nationwide study, endometrial cancer patients included in the Swedish Quality Registry for Gynaecologic Cancer 2017-2019 (n=1401) were analysed with the aim of describing methods of evaluating myometrial invasion (MI). The main methods for the MI assessment were transvaginal sonography (59%) and MRI (28%). The sensitivity of transvaginal sonography (65.6%) was lower than for the other methods.In a longitudinal questionnaire-study, QoL in women with advanced gynaecological cancer was compared to women with local disease (n=372). No difference in QoL was found at the one-year follow-up. With multiple regression analyses, previous psychiatric illness, high BMI and comorbidities were identified as risk factors for impaired QoL.In conclusion, the PCI is an excellent predictor of incomplete CRS, and PCI ≥24 is a possible cut-off. PET/MRI is superior to DW-MRI for estimating total PCI. The assessment of MI in endometrial cancer in Sweden is usually performed with transvaginal sonography, but the sensitivity is lower than for other methods. Women with advanced gynaecological cancer have equally good QoL one year after diagnosis as women with limited disease, and psychiatric illness, high BMI, and comorbidities are risk factors for impaired mental health.
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- Sköld, Camilla, 1981-
(författare)
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Impact of pregnancies on ovarian cancer : Risk, prognosis and tumor biology
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The etiology is complex and not fully understood, partly since ovarian cancer is not one distinct disease, but rather several histologically and clinically different subtypes. The two main groups are epithelial (90%) and non-epithelial (10%) cancers, further divided into five epithelial and two main non-epithelial subtypes. Women who have given birth have a lower risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer, and the risk is further reduced with each additional childbirth. However, the association between several pregnancy-related factors, such as pregnancy length, maternal age at birth, offspring size, and subsequent risk of ovarian cancer has been unclear. In addition, the impact of pregnancy-related risk factors on non-epithelial ovarian cancer is unknown. Further, the underlying mechanism behind the protection of childbirth has not been revealed and the prognostic impact of pregnancies is not established.In my first two studies, I evaluated associations between pregnancy-related factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and its different subtypes [Study I] and non-epithelial ovarian cancer [Study II]. These case-control studies were based on linked data from the population-based medical birth registers and cancer registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. In Study I, preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer among parous women, whereas increased number of births and pregnancies at older age were associated with decreased risk. In Study II, increasing age at last birth was associated with lower risk of sex cord-stroma cell tumors (SCSTs), as was shorter time since last birth.In Study III, the prognostic impact of parity on both epithelial and non-epithelial ovarian cancer by subtype was investigated by linkage of data from the Swedish medical birth register, the cancer register and the cause of death register. Parity was associated with reduced cancer-specific mortality in ovarian germ cell tumors. We found no prognostic impact of parity in patients with SCSTs or epithelial ovarian cancer.In Study IV, we investigated whether hormones and proteins involved in pregnancy and tumor development differed according to the woman’s parity status in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Parous women more often had progesterone receptor (PR) positive tumors, in comparison with nulliparous women, and increased number of children was associated with PR positive tumors.In summary, a woman’s reproductive history will not only impact on the risk of developing ovarian cancer, but also have a long-lasting influence on the tumor biology.
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